Failure of embryos from bluetongue infected cattle to transmit virus to susceptible recipients or their offspring

Acree, J. A.; Echternkamp, S. E.; Kappes, Steve M.; Luedke, A J; Holbrook, F. R.; Pearson, James E.; Ross, G.S.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(91)90406-4

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These minor viral variants may display phenotypical changes like changes in virulence, tissue tropism, ability to cross the placenta and cause fetal infections 1,34 . However, in contrast, past research findings reveal that natural or experimental infection with wild-type BTV serotypes in pregnant cattle and sheep did not show any vertical or TPT potential 35,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Saminathan

Vineetha

Maity

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Transplacental transmission (TPT) of wild-type Indian BTV-1 had never been experimentally proved. This study was first time investigated TPT of Indian BTV-1 (isolated from aborted and stillborn goat fetal spleens). The sequential pathology, virological and immune cell kinetics (CD4 + , CD8 + T-lymphocytes and NK cells in spleen and PBMCs), and apoptosis in IFNAR1-blocked pregnant mice during early (infected on 1 GD) and mid (infected on 8 GD) gestation have been studied. There was higher rate of TPT during mid stage (71.43%) than early (57.14%) stage. In early stage reduced implantation sites, early embryonic deaths, abortions, and necro-haemorrhagic lesions had observed. Mid stage, congenital defects and neurological lesions in foetuses like haemorrhages, diffuse cerebral edema, necrotizing encephalitis and decreased bone size (Alizarin red staining) were noticed. BTV-1 antigen was first time demonstrable in cells of mesometrium, decidua of embryos, placenta, uterus, ovary, and brain of foetuses by immunohistochemistry and quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. BTV-inoculated mice were seroconverted by 7 and 5 dpi, and reached peak levels by 15 and 9 dpi in early and mid gestation, respectively. CD4 + and CD8 + cells were significantly decreased (increased ratio) on 7 dpi but subsequently increased on 15 dpi in early gestation. In mid gestation, increased CD8 + cells (decreased ratio) were observed. Apoptotic cells in PBMCs and tissues increased during peak viral load. This first time TPT of wild-type Indian BTV-1 deserves to be reported for implementation of control strategies. This model will be very suitable for further research into mechanisms of TPT, overwintering, and vaccination strategies.Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, insect-borne (mainly biting midges of Culicoides spp.) disease of domestic (primarily sheep) and wild ruminants, caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). BTV is the prototype member of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae 1 . Most prominent clinical signs of BT are usually seen in sheep. Experiment-2.The mid stage pregnant mice were inoculated I/V with 50 μl of inoculum containing 1 × 10 6 TCID 50 /ml of BTV-1 at 8 GD and acted as infected group. The mice were injected with anti-mouse IFNAR1 monoclonal antibody at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/mouse, I/P at 24 hours before BTV-1 infection. The control mid pregnant mice received I/V 50 μl of uninfected tissue culture medium and 24 h before, anti-mouse IFNAR1 monoclonal antibody at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/mouse, I/P and acted as placebo. Three mice from BTV-1 inoculated and two mice from control pregnant groups were sequentially euthanized by cervical dislocation on 1 (9 GD), 2 (10 GD), 3 (11 GD), 5 (13 GD), 7 (15 GD), 9 (17 GD), and 12/13 (20/21) dpi. The dams and all foetuses were examined thoroughly during post-mortem and body weight of foetuses was recorded.inocula. The bluetongue virus serotype-1 used in this experiment was isolated from stillborn and aborted fetal spleens of goats in July 2007 at Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India 20 . The BTV-1...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Saminathan

Vineetha

Maity

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The possibility of transmitting BTV through embryo transfer from infected donors to non-infected recipient animals has also been the subject of intensive study. Experimental studies designed to investigate whether pre-implantation embryos recovered from viraemic cows could transmit BTV to seronegative recipients have failed to demonstrate transmission of the virus (Acree et al, 1991;Bowen et al, 1985a), whereas similar results have been obtained in experimental studies in sheep (Hare et al, 1988;Singh et al, 1997). It is currently accepted that the transmission of BTV via embryo transfer or the use of BTV infected semen represents a negligible risk for the transmission of the virus, as long as validated procedures for embryo washing are followed and semen is tested for the virus prior to export (Al Ahmad et al, 2011Ahmad et al, , 2012Venter et al, 2011;Wrathall et al, 2006).…”

Section: Experimental Infections To Study Reproductive Failures Assocmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host

et al. 2014

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Experimental infection studies with bluetongue virus (BTV) in the mammalian host have a history that stretches back to the late 18 th century. Studies in a wide range of ruminant and camelid species as well as mice have been instrumental in understanding BTV transmission, bluetongue (BT) pathogenicity/pathogenesis, viral virulence, the induced immune response, as well as reproductive failures associated with BTV infection. These studies have in many cases been complemented by in vitro studies with BTV in different cell types in tissue culture. Together these studies have formed the basis for the understanding of BTV-host interaction and have contributed to the design of successful control strategies, including the development of effective vaccines. This review describes some of the fundamental and contemporary infection studies that have been conducted with BTV in the mammalian host and provides an overview of the principal animal welfare issues that should be considered when designing experimental infection studies with BTV in in vivo infection models.Examples are provided from the authors' own laboratory where the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) have been implemented in the design of experimental infection 2 studies with BTV in mice and goats. The use of the ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of data from animal infection studies is emphasised.

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“…In contrast, earlier work with other field strains of BTV (not including BTV-2) did not show this property [19,20,27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…More importantly, certain live attenuated BTV vaccine strains, passaged extensively in cell culture, were observed to be capable of transplacental transmission in both cattle and sheep [9,17,18] but early studies with wild-type (wt) BTV did not show this property (e.g. [19,20]). However, unexpectedly, following the introduction of the pathogenic BTV-8 into Northern Europe in 2006, it was observed that transplacental transmission of this virus strain occurred in both cattle and sheep [13,21-26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental transmission of field and rescued strains of BTV-2 and BTV-8 in experimentally infected sheep

Rasmussen

Savini

Lorusso

et al. 2013

Vet Res

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Transplacental transmission of bluetongue virus has been shown previously for the North European strain of serotype 8 (BTV-8) and for tissue culture or chicken egg-adapted vaccine strains but not for field strains of other serotypes. In this study, pregnant ewes (6 per group) were inoculated with either field or rescued strains of BTV-2 and BTV-8 in order to determine the ability of these viruses to cross the placental barrier. The field BTV-2 and BTV-8 strains was passaged once in Culicoides KC cells and once in mammalian cells. All virus inoculated sheep became infected and seroconverted against the different BTV strains used in this study. BTV RNA was detectable in the blood of all but two ewes for over 28 days but infectious virus could only be detected in the blood for a much shorter period. Interestingly, transplacental transmission of BTV-2 (both field and rescued strains) was demonstrated at high efficiency (6 out of 13 lambs born to BTV-2 infected ewes) while only 1 lamb of 12 born to BTV-8 infected ewes showed evidence of in utero infection. In addition, evidence for horizontal transmission of BTV-2 between ewes was observed. As expected, the parental BTV-2 and BTV-8 viruses and the viruses rescued by reverse genetics showed very similar properties to each other. This study showed, for the first time, that transplacental transmission of BTV-2, which had been minimally passaged in cell culture, can occur; hence such transmission might be more frequent than previously thought.

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Failure of embryos from bluetongue infected cattle to transmit virus to susceptible recipients or their offspring

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host

Transplacental transmission of field and rescued strains of BTV-2 and BTV-8 in experimentally infected sheep

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