Failure and success of HIV tests for the prevention of HIV‐1 transmission by blood and tissue donations

Najioullah, Fatiha; Barlet, Valérie; Renaudier, P.; Guitton, Cathy; Crova, Philippe; Guérin, Jean-Claude; Peyramond, D.; Trabaud, Mary‐Anne; Coudurier, N.; Tardy, J.; André, Patrice

doi:10.1002/jmv.20097

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Prior to the use of MP-NAT, HIV was transmitted via window-stage donations at significant rates (5,22). Although very rarely, HIV has been transmitted by window period blood donations that were determined to have Յ150 vRNA copies/ml even after the adoption of MP-NAT (9,11,35,36). The occurrence of rare HIV transmission events by donations with no evidence of anti-HIV antibodies and very low vRNA levels is consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

High Specific Infectivity of Plasma Virus from the Pre-Ramp-Up and Ramp-Up Stages of Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Zhong

Stone

Piatak

et al. 2009

J Virol

116

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To define the ratio of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) RNA molecules to infectious virions in plasma, a ramp-up-stage plasma pool was made from the earliest viral RNA (vRNA)-positive plasma samples (collected approximately 7 days after inoculation) from seven macaques, and a set-point-stage plasma pool was made from plasma samples collected 10 to 16 weeks after peak viremia from seven macaques; vRNA levels in these plasma pools were determined, and serial 10-fold dilutions containing 1 to 1,500 vRNA copies/ml were made. Intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of a 1-ml aliquot of diluted ramp-up-stage plasma containing 20 vRNA copies infected 2 of 2 rhesus macaques, while for the set-point-stage plasma, i.v. inoculation with 1,500 vRNA copies was needed to transmit infection. Further, when the heat-inactivated set-point-stage plasma pool was mixed with ramp-up-stage virions, infection of inoculated macaques was blocked. Notably, 2 of 2 animals inoculated with 85 ml of a pre-ramp-up plasma pool containing <3 SIV RNA copies/ml developed SIV infections characterized by high levels of viral replication, demonstrating that "vRNA-negative" plasma collected from macaques in the pre-ramp-up stage is infectious. Furthermore, there is a high ratio of infectious virions to total virions in ramp-up-stage plasma (between 1:1 and 1:10) and a lower ratio in set-point-stage plasma (between 1:75 and 1:750). Heat-inactivated chronic-stage plasma can "neutralize" the highly infectious ramp-up-stage virions. These findings have implications for the understanding of the natural history of SIV and human immunodeficiency virus infection and transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

High Specific Infectivity of Plasma Virus from the Pre-Ramp-Up and Ramp-Up Stages of Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Zhong

Stone

Piatak

et al. 2009

J Virol

116

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“…However, shortening of the seronegative WP by more sensitive ELISA, and by 3rd generation ELISA, and adding the viral RNA testing (for a 10-12 days shorter WP), did not solve the problem completely (CDC 1987;Simonds et al 1992;Mitra 2004). Two related cases of infectious donations are described from a cornea donor during the pre seroconversion window (Najioullah et al 2004). HIV was transmitted via a kidney transplant from a cadaveric donor (Borchi et al 2010).…”

Section: Organs From Donors At the Seronegative Wp And The Viral Eclimentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIV Seronegative Window Period: Diagnostic Challenges and Solutions

Jehuda-Cohen¹

2011

Recent Translational Research in HIV/AIDS

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“…In these studies, the prevalence rates of HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV infections were lower among tissue donors than in the general population but considerably higher than among first-time blood donors. Despite the improvement in detection of window period donors using NAT, it is expected that infections may still be missed due to early infections and low viral copy numbers resulting in false-negative test results (Najioullah et al 2004). Nevertheless, the addition of NAT to the screening of tissue donors should significantly reduce the risk of these infections among recipients of donated tissues (Gordon et al 2002).…”

Section: Assaymentioning

confidence: 98%

Preventing disease transmission by deceased tissue donors by testing blood for viral nucleic acid

Strong

Nelson

Pierce

et al. 2005

Cell Tissue Banking

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Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has reduced the risk of transmitting infectious disease through blood transfusion. Currently NAT for HIV-1 and HCV are FDA licensed and performed by nearly all blood collection facilities, but HBV NAT is performed under an investigational study protocol. Residual risk estimates indicate that NAT could potentially reduce disease transmission through transplanted tissue. However, tissue donor samples obtained post-mortem have the potential to produce an invalid NAT result due to inhibition of amplification reactions by hemolysis and other factors. The studies reported here summarize the development of protocols to allow NAT of deceased donor samples with reduced rates of invalid results. Using these protocols, inventories from two tissue centers were tested with greater than 99% of samples producing a valid test result.

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Failure and success of HIV tests for the prevention of HIV‐1 transmission by blood and tissue donations

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

High Specific Infectivity of Plasma Virus from the Pre-Ramp-Up and Ramp-Up Stages of Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

High Specific Infectivity of Plasma Virus from the Pre-Ramp-Up and Ramp-Up Stages of Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

The HIV Seronegative Window Period: Diagnostic Challenges and Solutions

Preventing disease transmission by deceased tissue donors by testing blood for viral nucleic acid

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