Failure analysis of a spray polyurethane foam roofing system

Kalamees, Targo; Põldaru, Mattias; Ilomets, Simo; Klõšeiko, Paul; Kallavus, Urve; Rosenberg, Margit; Õiger, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101752

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…6). A material's moisture content also affects its thermal conductivity, as water is more thermally conductive than blowing agent (Kalamees et al 2020). Despite the DVS measurements (vapor sorption analysis section) reporting low weight gains, since no other parameters have been identified as potential contributors of thermal conductivity performances, it can be assumed that the moisture content in the CFs had a non-negligible impact on thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the thickness factor was calculated by determining the ratio between the commercial foam's thickness values obtained using the two devices, and was about 1.87. These values must be carefully considered, however, since the laboratory foam samples' thermal conductivity values are subject to change during the first five years of use (Kalamees et al 2020). The average thermal conductivity and average thickness values obtained using the custom-made device and the transposition of values to the second (FOX HFM) device for the laboratory foam formulations are given in Table 6.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of cellulose filaments as filler in rigid insulating polyurethane foam

Beaufils-Marquet

Blanchet

Hussain

et al. 2023

BioRes

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Cellulose is a biopolymer that has broad potential applications including in building insulation, and it was studied for its potential as a filler material. A closed-cell polyurethane foam insulation formulation was developed, and cellulose filaments (CFs) were introduced at varying percentages. The viscosity and morphology of the formulations were studied, as were different foam properties, such as water vapor permeability, reaction kinetics, density, porosity, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength foams as a function of cellulose filaments content. A commercial foam was also tested as a reference. The cellulose filaments impacted the formulations’ viscosity, and all the properties of the resulting insulating material. For example, samples containing 5% of cellulose filaments were found to perform differently than samples containing 0%, 1% and 2.5% mainly due to agglomerate formation, which impacted cell size (about 0.1 mm2 at 0%, 1% and 2.5% versus a mean of over 0.4 mm2 at 5%), and differential vapor sorption (with a mass change of 2%wt at 0 parts per hundred of polyol versus 2.5%wt at 5% from 0% to 95% relative humidity). However, the required performances by the standards of polyurethane foam insulation material were always fulfilled regardless of the amount of cellulose filaments present.

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Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of cellulose filaments as filler in rigid insulating polyurethane foam

Beaufils-Marquet

Blanchet

Hussain

et al. 2023

BioRes

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“…As presented in [27][28][29], large-panel buildings are characterised by numerous errors arising during production and installation, as well as degradation resulting from use often extending over 50 years. A number of papers can be found in the literature in which studies of large-panel buildings are presented [30][31][32][33][34]. Despite the development of non-destructive testing apparatus and its increased availability, there are still doubts about the effectiveness and validity of its use in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of Large-Panel Buildings—An Attempt to Reduce the Number of Destructive Tests

Wardach,

Krentowski

2023

Materials

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Structural condition diagnostics provides the basis for decision making regarding the possibility of continued safe operation, necessary reinforcement, repair work, and in extreme cases, dismantling of the structure. The most reliable results concerning the condition and strength of materials are provided by destructive testing. However, these tests are very time-consuming, costly, and difficult to perform on in-service facilities. In addition, they involve the need to obtain the consent of the occupants of the premises and subsequent renovations. This article focuses on presenting an opportunity to reduce the number of destructive tests necessary to reliably assess the condition of large-panel structures, which constitute a significant housing stock in Europe. Based on tests carried out on a real building, the risk factors associated with obtaining reliable results by non-destructive methods were determined. Areas where destructive testing is necessary were identified. In addition, reference was made to standard recommendations and guidelines from a reputable research institution. Practical guidelines were formulated regarding the diagnostics of large-panel structures, resulting in a reduction in the number of destructive tests required.

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“…The results indicated that the degradation stability of various polyurethane foams depended on the thermooxidative aging procedure and on the initial structure of the polymer. Kalamees et al 10 analyzed the hygrothermal performance and service life of a spray polyurethane foam under cold and humid climate. They found that the internal pressure broke the adhesion between the foam layers, which was considered the most realistic cause of separation of the spray polyurethane foam layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of failure behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam treated under thermal and vibration conditions by experiment and numerical simulation

Qiu

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Failure mechanism of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) treated under different conditions was studied by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal degradation mechanism of RPUF under different temperatures was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG‐FTIR‐GC–MS) in air and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. And the vibration failure mechanism of RPUF was analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA) and extended finite element method (XFEM). The experimental results indicated that the failure mode in nitrogen was the broken of carbamate groups, and in air was the broken of carbamate groups and the radical decomposition of ether groups. Numerical simulation suggested that there was vibration stress concentration in the center of foam prism, which was easy to produce sliding and opening fatigue cracks during random vibration.

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Failure analysis of a spray polyurethane foam roofing system

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Investigation of cellulose filaments as filler in rigid insulating polyurethane foam

Investigation of cellulose filaments as filler in rigid insulating polyurethane foam

Diagnostics of Large-Panel Buildings—An Attempt to Reduce the Number of Destructive Tests

Study of failure behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam treated under thermal and vibration conditions by experiment and numerical simulation

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