Failure analysis and electrochemical testing of ammonium chloride corrosion in a heat exchanger in a diesel hydrotreating unit of a petroleum refinery

Pereira Nicacio, Jancler Adriano; Castro Oliveira, Fernando; Rosa Dumont, Marcello

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107758

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In our study, both the leaching and carbonation processes were conducted in an alkaline environment, effectively mitigating the occurrence of ammonium chloride corrosion. The utilization of 317L austenitic stainless steel as the material for equipment and pipelines further represented a robust anticorrosion strategy, given its demonstrated resilience against NH 4 Cl-induced corrosion . Supplementary measures, including the application of protective coatings and surface treatments, were also considered to bolster corrosion resistance …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of 317L austenitic stainless steel as the material for equipment and pipelines further represented a robust anticorrosion strategy, given its demonstrated resilience against NH 4 Cl-induced corrosion. 53 Supplementary measures, including the applica-tion of protective coatings and surface treatments, were also considered to bolster corrosion resistance. 54 Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that despite these preventive strategies, corrosion remains an unavoidable factor over extended exposure duration.…”

Section: Nh 4 CL Corrosion Preventivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of High-Purity and Stable Vaterite Via Leaching–Carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Song,

Guo,

Ling

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Against the backdrop of the limited industrial application and low added value of precipitated calcium carbonate produced through the indirect carbonation of basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), this study proposed a simple approach (extracting Ca 2+ from BOFS using ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) and subsequently optimizing the aqueous carbonation process) for synthesizing high-purity vaterite with greater added value. The influencing factors in the enhancement of Ca 2+ leaching efficiency and maximization of carbonation to sequester CO 2 were studied. Within a very short time (10 min), a Ca 2+ leaching ratio of 60.3% was achieved, while a 99.5% carbonation ratio was attained by adding NH 4 OH to produce high-purity (98%) homogeneous vaterite. The alkaline pH (∼10.6) of the solution was refined using ammonia to achieve a higher CO 3 2− /Ca 2+ ratio and solution supersaturation for the stimulation of vaterite nucleation. The adsorption of NH 4 + and metal cations from BOFS on the surface of vaterite acted as a crystalline control agent to inhibit the transformation of vaterite into calcite. In addition, the carbonation filtrate can be recycled at least six times with a sustained extraction-carbonation efficiency of over 60% while maintaining the vaterite crystalline integrity. The solid residue was mainly composed of silica gel and inert reducible oxide (RO) phase, which can be used as a potential supplementary cementitious material due to its pozzolanic properties. Findings from this study provide new insights into the valorization of BOFS to mitigate CO 2 emissions and promote the sustainable industrial application of the BOFS indirect carbonation process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nh 4 CL Corrosion Preventivementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of High-Purity and Stable Vaterite Via Leaching–Carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Song,

Guo,

Ling

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The causes of corrosion failure include stress cracking [20], erosion [21], and intergranular corrosion [22]. These phenomena can have detrimental effects on heat exchangers and even lead to catastrophic failures [14,23]. Heat exchangers serve as essential equipment in the manufacturing process of sour vapor recovery systems and play a critical role in the recovery of H 2 S and liquid ammonia [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Causes and Protective Measures against Corrosion Perforation in the Shell-Side Outlet Flange of a Sour Water Steam Heater

Liang,

Duan,

2024

Coatings

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Heat exchangers, as essential devices for facilitating heat transfer, have found a variety applications in various industries. However, the occurrence of corrosion-related failures in real-world scenarios remains a prevalent problem that can lead to catastrophic incidents. This paper investigates the problem of corrosion perforation on the outlet flange of a heat exchanger in a sour steam stripper from a petrochemical company. Failure analysis was performed using physical testing and chemical analysis, metallographic examination, microscopic observation, and energy spectrum analysis. Intergranular corrosion experiments and flow calculations were performed to verify the analysis. The results indicate that the main cause of the flange corrosion perforation was the formation of a highly concentrated NH4HS aqueous solution during the cooling process of the NH3, H2S, and water vapor in the fluid passing through the heat exchanger, and the velocity was too high, which triggered alkali-sour water washout corrosion. To prevent the recurrence of similar corrosion perforations, recommendations for material and process optimization are proposed to effectively reduce the safety production risks in refinery units and provide valuable information for the safe long-term operation of a sour steam stripper.

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Corrosion Behavior of CoCrNi Medium-Entropy Alloy in NH4Cl Solution with Different pH

Zhang,

Zhu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Failure analysis and electrochemical testing of ammonium chloride corrosion in a heat exchanger in a diesel hydrotreating unit of a petroleum refinery

Cited by 4 publications

References 87 publications

Synthesis of High-Purity and Stable Vaterite Via Leaching–Carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Synthesis of High-Purity and Stable Vaterite Via Leaching–Carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Analysis of Causes and Protective Measures against Corrosion Perforation in the Shell-Side Outlet Flange of a Sour Water Steam Heater

Corrosion Behavior of CoCrNi Medium-Entropy Alloy in NH4Cl Solution with Different pH

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