Faecal steroid metabolites assay as a non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in animals

Kumar, Ashok; Mehrotra, S.; Dangi, S.S.; Singh, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar; Chand, Subhash; Singh, L K S; Mahla, Ajit Singh; Kumar, Sachin; Nehra, Kapil

doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.59-63

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Correction with USpG may therefore offer new perspectives for those research groups avoiding metabolite monitoring in urine because of normalisation issues attributed to the potentially complicated and expensive creatinine measurements. Several research groups are indeed in favour of faecal metabolite monitoring; however, this generally includes elaborate faecal extractions whereby concentration outcomes may be influenced by the animals’ diet and overall food uptake [ 8 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary specific gravity as an alternative for the normalisation of endocrine metabolite concentrations in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reproductive monitoring

Wauters

Wilson

Bouts³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Reproductive monitoring for captive breeding in giant pandas is based on behavioural observation and non-invasive hormone analysis. In urine, interpretation of results requires normalisation due to an animal’s changing hydration. Correction of urinary concentrations based on creatinine is the gold standard. In this study, a largely unexplored, easy-to-perform normalisation technique, based on urinary specific gravity (USpG), was examined and compared to creatinine. To this extent, six cycles from two female pandas (SB741(1) and SB569(5)) were monitored through urine analysis for oestrogen, progesterone, ceruloplasmin and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2a (PGFM). The Pearson’s correlation between creatinine and USpG was high (r = 0.805–0.894; p < 0.01), indicative for a similar performance of both normalisation methods. However, generally lower values were observed during pro-oestrus and primary (progesterone) rise. This could be associated with huge shifts in appetite, monitored by faecal output (kg) with an averaged > 50% decrease during oestrus and >50% increase during primary progesterone rise. In parallel, respectively highest and lowest creatinine and USpG levels, were measured, with creatinine obviously more affected as a result of linkage with muscle tissue metabolism affected by reproductive hormones. As a consequence, metabolite levels were significantly different between both corrected datasets with significantly higher oestrogen peak levels during oestrus ranging from 2.13–86.93 and 31.61–306.45 ng/mL (USpG correction) versus 2.33–31.20 and 36.36–249.05 ng/mL Cr (creatinine correction) for SB569 and SB741 respectively, and significant lower progesterone levels during primary progesterone rise ranging from 0.35–3.21 and 0.85–6.80 ng/mL (USpG correction) versus 0.52–10.31 and 2.10–272.74 ng/mL Cr (creatinine correction) for SB569 and SB741 respectively. Consequently, USpG correction rendered unbiased profiles, less subject to variation and metabolic artefacts and therefore allowed a more straightforward identification of peak oestrogen and onset of secondary progesterone rise, being potentially advantageous for future studies unravelling key giant panda reproductive events, including (delayed) implantation. The alternative application of USpG as a normalisation factor was further supported by its easy application and environmental and technical robustness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary specific gravity as an alternative for the normalisation of endocrine metabolite concentrations in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reproductive monitoring

Wauters

Wilson

Bouts³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…There are at least 18 progesterone metabolites (2 pregnanediones, 8 mono-hydroxylated pregnanes, and 8 di-hydroxylated pregnanes), each having a unique chemical structure and polarity [ 5 , 9 - 11 ]. Excretion time of progesterone metabolites has been found to take a fairly long time in non-ruminants (approximately 48 h) than in ruminants (12-24 h) [ 12 - 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These matrices have unique characteristics and also have advantages and disadvantages. Blood samples remain the optimum sample for determination of reproductive function in animals as this sample provides the true concentration of circulating steroid hormones at any given time [ 12 ]. Collection of blood, milk, and hair samples requires animal restraint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and challenges associated with fecal progesterone metabolite analysis

et al. 2018

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Conventionally, plasma or milk progesterone evaluations are used to determine the reproductive status of female animals. Collection of such samples is often associated with difficulties of animal handling and restraint. Measurable quantities of progesterone metabolites are found in feces of animals. Their concentrations are known to be well correlated to plasma progesterone levels and are, therefore, used as non-invasive samples for assessing reproductive function in a wide range of animal species. Although the analysis of fecal progesterone metabolites has been widely accepted in many laboratories, several factors are known to affect the results from this valuable analytical technique. Some of these factors include storage/transportation media for fecal samples, type of solvent that is used for extraction of progesterone metabolites from feces, and the type and sensitivity of an assaying technique employed. Although fecal progesterone metabolites analysis is associated with some difficulties, it can effectively be used to monitor reproductive function in a wide range of animal species. This review aims to highlight the usefulness of fecal progesterone metabolite analysis as a non-invasive technique in monitoring reproductive function in animals. The article mainly focuses on the many opportunities and challenges associated with this analytical technique.

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“…This may, perhaps, be the LH cleared from the receptors of the follicle during the course of or immediately after ovulation. Also, a lag time of approximately 12-24 hr between the detection of the intact hormone in blood and the first appearance of its metabolite in urine has been reported in several mammals including primates and ruminants (Kumar et al, 2013;O'Connor et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine levels of luteinizing hormone as predictor of the period of ovulation for advantage of timed‐artificial insemination in murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Selvam

Singh

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Assessment of urine levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) for predicting the reproductive status of animals is in practice. The aim of this study was to predict the period of ovulation based on the urine levels of LH for timed-artificial insemination to increase the conception rate in buffaloes, which are naturally silent-oestrous animals. Level of LH in urine was assessed using ELISA, and a cut-off LH concentration for prediction of ovulation period was obtained using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Artificial insemination was performed before- and after -positive prediction of ovulation period adopting this method, and the rates of conception were assessed. Urine LH level of 105 mIU/ml (n = 14) was derived as a cut-off concentration which predicts the ovulation period. The buffaloes in the positively predicted group (day 1 or 2) inseminated via intracervical route had an increase in the conception rate (83.33%); however, the insemination in the before-positive-prediction group resulted in poor conception rates (day 0; 16.66%) compared to that of the naturally inseminated group (day 0; 75.0%). In conclusion, the urinary LH would possibly be a fairly reliable predictor of the ovulation period. The day when cut-off LH concentration is obtained may be taken as the most favourable time for artificial insemination, so as to attain a much better rate of conception in the buffalo.

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Faecal steroid metabolites assay as a non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in animals

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Urinary specific gravity as an alternative for the normalisation of endocrine metabolite concentrations in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reproductive monitoring

Urinary specific gravity as an alternative for the normalisation of endocrine metabolite concentrations in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reproductive monitoring

Opportunities and challenges associated with fecal progesterone metabolite analysis

Urine levels of luteinizing hormone as predictor of the period of ovulation for advantage of timed‐artificial insemination in murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

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