Faecal Sludge Management Systems

Brdjanović, Damir; Strande, Linda; Ronteltap, Mariska

doi:10.26530/oapen_578132

Cited by 131 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…40 Preventing fecal contamination from entering open drains via better fecal sludge management, treatment of open drain water before use for irrigation, using drip irrigation instead of watering cans, or choosing cleaner, alternative sources of irrigation water are the measures that have been recommended to improve produce safety. 42,43 During food preparation, hygienic food preparation practices for both food vendors and in household kitchens may reduce contamination on produce directly before consumption. 44 The importance of handwashing before eating to reduce fecal exposure is demonstrated in this study (fecal microbes transfer network section).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach

Wang

Moe

Null

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.Lack of adequate sanitation results in fecal contamination of the environment and poses a risk of disease transmission via multiple exposure pathways. To better understand how eight different sources contribute to overall exposure to fecal contamination, we quantified exposure through multiple pathways for children under 5 years old in four high-density, low-income, urban neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. We collected more than 500 hours of structured observation of behaviors of 156 children, 800 household surveys, and 1,855 environmental samples. Data were analyzed using Bayesian models, estimating the environmental and behavioral factors associated with exposure to fecal contamination. These estimates were applied in exposure models simulating sequences of behaviors and transfers of fecal indicators. This approach allows us to identify the contribution of any sources of fecal contamination in the environment to child exposure and use dynamic fecal microbe transfer networks to track fecal indicators from the environment to oral ingestion. The contributions of different sources to exposure were categorized into four types (high/low by dose and frequency), as a basis for ranking pathways by the potential to reduce exposure. Although we observed variation in estimated exposure (108–1016 CFU/day for Escherichia coli) between different age groups and neighborhoods, the greatest contribution was consistently from food (contributing > 99.9% to total exposure). Hands played a pivotal role in fecal microbe transfer, linking environmental sources to oral ingestion. The fecal microbe transfer network constructed here provides a systematic approach to study the complex interaction between contaminated environment and human behavior on exposure to fecal contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach

Wang

Moe

Null

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Faecal sludge (FS) comes from onsite sanitation technologies (pit latrines, unsewered public ablution blocks, septic tanks, aqua privies, and dry toilets) and has not been transported through a sewer. It is raw or partially digested, a slurry or semisolid, and results from the collection, storage or treatment of combinations of excreta [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cadmium and Lead in Dried Sewage Sludge from Lubigi Feacal Sludge and Wastewater Treatment Plant in Uganda

Kyayesimira¹,

Ssemaganda²,

Muhwezi³

et al. 2019

JWARP

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Sludge contains organic and inorganic compounds including traces of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and others. These metals restrict the use of sludge in agriculture because their accumulation is harmful to the environment and particularly the food chain. Cadmium and lead are among the most common heavy metals found in municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge. They are capable of bioaccumulation in plant tissues like roots and leaves and are non-

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“…Fecal sludge management represents application of these concepts in locations where traditional water supply and used water collection are not provided (Strande, et al, 2014). Fecal matter, either with or without urine, is collected and periodically transported to a centralized location for processing to recover energy and nutrients in a manner which is protective of public health and the environment.…”

Section: I3 Enabling Technologies and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Water: A Collection of Essays on “Disruptive” Technologies that may Transform the Water Sector in the Next 10 Years

Daigger¹,

Voutchkov²,

Lall³

et al. 2019

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work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any non-commercial purpose. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license.

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Faecal Sludge Management Systems

Cited by 131 publications

References 83 publications

Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach

Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach

Assessment of Cadmium and Lead in Dried Sewage Sludge from Lubigi Feacal Sludge and Wastewater Treatment Plant in Uganda

The Future of Water: A Collection of Essays on “Disruptive” Technologies that may Transform the Water Sector in the Next 10 Years

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