Faecal short chain fatty acids in breast‐fed and formula‐fed babies

Edwards, Christine; Parrett, Alison; Balmer, S E; Wharton, B A

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13059.x

Cited by 80 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Total blood cholesterol is higher in breastfed than formula-fed infants (51,52 ), but there are indications that the high cholesterol may be related to enhanced synthesis rather than intake (53 ). Fecal concentrations of propionic acid have been determined to be lower rather than higher in breast-fed infants compared with infants given milk formula (54 ). Finally, protein intake on a weight basis may be high in infants, but the plasma concentrations of methionine, isoleucine, and threonine are lower in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants (43 ).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms and Implications Of Increased Metabolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalamin Status and Its Biochemical Markers Methylmalonic Acid and Homocysteine in Different Age Groups from 4 Days to 19 Years

Monsen¹,

Refsum

Markestad³

et al. 2003

Clinical Chemistry

106

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Background: Recent data indicate that cobalamin and folate status, including the metabolic markers methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total homocysteine (tHcy), undergo marked changes during childhood, particularly during the first year. Methods: Serum cobalamin, serum and whole-blood folate, and plasma MMA and tHcy were determined in a cross-sectional study of 700 children, ages 4 days to 19 years. Results: During the first 6 months, serum cobalamin was lower than and plasma MMA, tHcy, and serum folate were higher than the concentrations detected in the other age groups. In infants 6 weeks to 6 months of age, median MMA and tHcy concentrations were >0.78 and >75 mol/L, respectively. In older children (>6 months), serum cobalamin peaked at 3-7 years and then decreased, median plasma MMA remained low (<0.26 mol/L), median plasma tHcy was low (<6 mol/L) and increased from the age of 7 years on, and serum folate gradually decreased. Plasma MMA was inversely associated with cobalamin (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.4) in both age groups, but across the whole range of cobalamin concentrations, MMA was markedly higher in infants (<6 months) than in older children. Plasma tHcy showed a strong negative correlation to cobalamin (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.52) but not to serum folate in infants <6 months. In older children, tHcy showed the expected association with both cobalamin (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.48) and folate (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.51).

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Section: Possible Mechanisms and Implications Of Increased Metabolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalamin Status and Its Biochemical Markers Methylmalonic Acid and Homocysteine in Different Age Groups from 4 Days to 19 Years

Monsen¹,

Refsum

Markestad³

et al. 2003

Clinical Chemistry

106

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“…Interestingly, different types of SCFAs are produced in the gut of bottle-versus breast-fed infants. The SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota in formula-fed babies have less lactic acid and more propionic acid than in breast-fed babies (Edwards et al, 1994). Not all populations of bacteria are equal in their ability to liberate energy from the diet.…”

Section: Beneficial Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota: Ecology and Function

Willing

Jansson

2014

The Fecal Bacteria

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“…The high oxidation levels may be explained by the fact that the animal is geared to use luminal substrates (high-fat milk diet) with maximum efficiency (14) . The stools of normal full-term infants contain less than 100 mM-SCFA (15) , with acetate being the major and butyrate the minor acid found in the faeces of formula fed-babies, while virtually no butyrate is found in the faeces of breast-fed infants (16) .…”

Section: Production and Delivery Of Butyrate In The Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the gut to the peripheral tissues: the multiple effects of butyrate

et al. 2010

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Butyrate is a natural substance present in biological liquids and tissues. The present paper aims to give an update on the biological role of butyrate in mammals, when it is naturally produced by the gastrointestinal microbiota or orally ingested as a feed additive. Recent data concerning butyrate production delivery as well as absorption by the colonocytes are reported. Butyrate cannot be detected in the peripheral blood, which indicates fast metabolism in the gut wall and/or in the liver. In physiological conditions, the increase in performance in animals could be explained by the increased nutrient digestibility, the stimulation of the digestive enzyme secretions, a modification of intestinal luminal microbiota and an improvement of the epithelial integrity and defence systems. In the digestive tract, butyrate can act directly (upper gastrointestinal tract or hindgut) or indirectly (small intestine) on tissue development and repair. Direct trophic effects have been demonstrated mainly by cell proliferation studies, indicating a faster renewal of necrotic areas. Indirect actions of butyrate are believed to involve the hormono-neuro-immuno system. Butyrate has also been implicated in down-regulation of bacteria virulence, both by direct effects on virulence gene expression and by acting on cell proliferation of the host cells. In animal production, butyrate is a helpful feed additive, especially when ingested soon after birth, as it enhances performance and controls gut health disorders caused by bacterial pathogens. Such effects could be considered for new applications in human nutrition

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Faecal short chain fatty acids in breast‐fed and formula‐fed babies

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Cobalamin Status and Its Biochemical Markers Methylmalonic Acid and Homocysteine in Different Age Groups from 4 Days to 19 Years

Cobalamin Status and Its Biochemical Markers Methylmalonic Acid and Homocysteine in Different Age Groups from 4 Days to 19 Years

The Gut Microbiota: Ecology and Function

From the gut to the peripheral tissues: the multiple effects of butyrate

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