Faecal contamination pathways of shallow groundwater in low-income urban areas: implications for water resource planning and management

Nayebare, Jacintha; Owor, Michael; Kulabako, Robinah; Taylor, Richard G.

doi:10.2166/wpt.2021.110

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Well characteristics like well lining present with sanitary protection or not, wellhead above or below ground level, presence, or absence of well housing, and well depth was chosen to investigate bacterial contamination caused due to well characteristics (Nayebare et al, 2022). The results of the Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman-correlation analysis, and paired-samples t-test, of the well characteristics and bacterial contamination, recorded over two seasons are shown in (Table 2).…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India

Das

Devi

Shetty

et al. 2022

Air, Soil and Water Research

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Contamination of domestic water sources is a major concern in estuarine islands of coastal Karnataka. Awareness about practices for waste management and protection of water sources on these islands is poor. Using water having bacterial presence for domestic purposes can lead to various health risks in humans. The research investigates various factors leading to bacterial contamination of domestic water sources at Mudukudru island of Swarna river, in the Udupi district of Karnataka. Samples were collected during the Pre-monsoon (December–May) and Monsoon (June–September) seasons from 43 wells of individual houses on the island. The total concentration of bacteria, in the water samples was determined from microbial analysis. The multiple tube, most probable number (MPN), fermentation technique was adopted to determine the total coliform in the samples. Factors like the presence or absence of well lining, well housing, wellhead above or below ground level, the distance of well from sewage pits, and the distance of livestock from the wells were correlated. The results indicated bacterial contamination in 32 wells during the monsoon as compared to pre-monsoon data, with the total coliform count exceeding the standard of 500 MPN/100 mL. A significant relation between total coliform count in the water samples and the absence of well lining with sanitary protection is observed with p-value = .00 ( p ⩽ .05) and wells located near (<10.0 m) to sewage pit with p-value ⩽ .05, were recorded respectively during both the seasons of sampling. The study highlights the major factors leading to bacterial contamination of wells on the island. Awareness about the planning of domestic wells through community-driven programs and hygiene education can be beneficial for the sustainable future of these islands.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India

Das

Devi

Shetty

et al. 2022

Air, Soil and Water Research

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Vulnerability to the faecal contamination in the Thiaroye shallow aquifer, Dakar, Senegal

DIAW,

FAYE,

GAYE

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In rapidly urbanizing low-income cities where the use of on-site sanitation facilities (septic tanks or latrines) is high, shallow groundwater is often vulnerable to faecal contamination. Here, we develop a multi-criteria modelling of the vulnerability to chemical and bacteriological faecal contamination of an unconfined aquifer of Quaternary sands in the Thiaroye area of Dakar (Senegal) using a model coupling GIS with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The approach includes the following factors (criteria): density of sanitation facilities, depth of water table, hydraulic conductivity, wetlands, potential recharge areas, population density and wealth inequality. Results show 11% of the study area with very high vulnerability, 20% of the area with high vulnerability and 69% of the area with low vulnerability.The vulnerability of the shallow aquifer was validated with monitoring of faecal contamination indictors (nitrate, E. coli) in groundwater carried out over a three-year period (2017-2019) using a network of 48 wells including dug-wells, piezometers, hand tubewells and boreholes. This validation showed a significant association (R2=0.7) between faecal contamination and the degree of vulnerability. Analysis of the results reveals that failures of on-site sanitation facilities in the area plays an important role in determining the quality of shallow aquifers in urban areas. It is, therefore, necessary to focus more on on-site sanitation facilities that significantly attenuate faecal contamination of shallow aquifers.

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Hydrodynamic and microbiological characterisation of free ground water in the city of Bafoussam, (West Cameroon)

Djatsa

Ndongo

Njila

et al. 2022

Water Practice and Technology

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The work presented here aims to carry out a physical characterisation of the soils in order to understand their hydrodynamic behaviour and estimate the susceptibility of each group of soils to microbiological pollution. The field work associated with the laboratory work consisted of monitoring the hydrodynamic behaviour of previously identified and selected well waters, measuring the permeabilities of the soil samples and analysing the bacteriological parameters of the sampled well waters. At the end of this work, the piezometric data show a dominant SE-NW and ENE-OSW flow direction. The water levels do not vary significantly between the wet and dry seasons. The granulometric analysis of the soils reveals CU>3 showing a spread out granulometry with very low permeabilities of the order of 1.58×10−7 m/s and moderately high permeabilities of the order of 1.86×10−5 m/s. The microbiological data show pollution of human origin with a high bacterial load in the rainy season represented by a maximum of 240 CFU of E. coli exceeding the WHO standards for drinking water. The majority of the polluted samples come from soils developed on granites and basalts which are the most susceptible to pollution making the groundwater vulnerable.

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Faecal contamination pathways of shallow groundwater in low-income urban areas: implications for water resource planning and management

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India

Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India

Vulnerability to the faecal contamination in the Thiaroye shallow aquifer, Dakar, Senegal

Hydrodynamic and microbiological characterisation of free ground water in the city of Bafoussam, (West Cameroon)

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