Faecal coliform decline on pasture irrigated with primary treated meat-processing effluent

A review of emissions of methane, ammonia, and nitrous oxide from animal excreta deposition and farm effluent application in grazed pastures

“…These effluents are characterised by high COD (1200-3000 mg litre -1 ) and high protein N levels (40-200 mg litre -1 ), with the bulk of the organic N being soluble (Cooper et al 1979). Nutrient-loading rates of less than 1000 kgNha -1 yr-1 are recommended for irrigation schemes where herbage is mechanically harvested and removed for offsite use, whereas loading rates of less than 500 kg N ha -1 yr-1 are recommended for schemes where the irrigated area is grazed (Donnison & Cooper 1989). However, application of these wastes to land in excess of plant requirements results in elevated emissions of greenhouse gases.…”

The Influence of Vegetation in Riparian Filterstrips on Coliform Bacteria: I. Movement and Survival in Water

“…The increase in the size and concentration of livestock units throughout the United States and the practice of manure disposal to agricultural lands has resulted in several instances of coliform bacteria in surface waters exceeding the limits set by the USEPA for recreational water quality standards (USEPA, 1998;Walker et al, 1990;Donnison and Cooper, 1989;Sorber and Moore, 1987). When animal waste applied to agricultural lands and subsequent surface runoff or leaching occurs due to overirrigation or rainfall, contamination of water resources by enteric bacteria may result (Entry et al, 2000).…”