Faecal calprotectin as a potential biomarker of disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection

O'Morain, Neil; Stack, Roisin; Doherty, Jayne; Tosetto, Miriam; León, Alejandro; Mallon, Patrick; Doherty, Glen; Group, On Behalf Of The All Ireland Infectious Diseases Aiid Study

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.06.016

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Ojetti et al. ( 26 ) showed that high fecal calprotectin levels in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are an independent risk factor for the development of COVID-19 pneumonia, while data from other studies indicate that fecal calprotectin levels are positively correlated with serum IL-6, degree of hypoxemia, and days of hospitalization ( 27 – 29 ). Although there is no correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal calprotectin, an increase in this parameter has a better predictive value for progression of severe disease compared with C-reactive protein ( 30 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2-mediated Changes In the Intestinal Immunological ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fecal calprotectin has also been studied in detail in COVID-19 patients because it is produced predominantly by neutrophils that migrate to and are activated in the intestine, making it a reliable marker of bowel inflammation in other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (25). Ojetti et al (26) showed that high fecal calprotectin levels in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are an independent risk factor for the development of COVID-19 pneumonia, while data from other studies indicate that fecal calprotectin levels are positively correlated with serum IL-6, degree of hypoxemia, and days of hospitalization (27)(28)(29). Although there is no correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal calprotectin, an increase in this parameter has a better predictive value for progression of severe disease compared with C-reactive protein (30).…”

Section: Intestinal Inflammation and Fecal Calprotectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential

et al. 2023

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Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily associated with mild respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients may develop more complicated disease with systemic complications and multiple organ injury. The gastrointestinal tract may be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 or secondarily affected by viremia and the release of inflammatory mediators that cause viral entry from the respiratory epithelium. Impaired intestinal barrier function in SARS-CoV-2 infection is a key factor leading to excessive microbial and endotoxin translocation, which triggers a strong systemic immune response and leads to the development of viral sepsis syndrome with severe sequelae. Multiple components of the gut immune system are affected, resulting in a diminished or dysfunctional gut immunological barrier. Antiviral peptides, inflammatory mediators, immune cell chemotaxis, and secretory immunoglobulins are important parameters that are negatively affected in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages are activated, and the number of regulatory T cells decreases, promoting an overactivated immune response with increased expression of type I and III interferons and other proinflammatory cytokines. The changes in the immunologic barrier could be promoted in part by a dysbiotic gut microbiota, through commensal-derived signals and metabolites. On the other hand, the proinflammatory intestinal environment could further compromise the integrity of the intestinal epithelium by promoting enterocyte apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions. This review summarizes the changes in the gut immunological barrier during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential.

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Section: Sars-cov-2-mediated Changes In the Intestinal Immunological ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Inflammation and Fecal Calprotectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential

et al. 2023

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“…Changes in fecal calprotectin: Increased levels of fecal calprotectin expression have also been detected in COVID-19 patients[ 43 , 44 ]. Fecal calprotectin is a reliable fecal marker for the detection of inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis[ 45 ].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Symptoms and The Underlying Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and potential treatments for gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with COVID-19

Yang¹,

Liu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

World J Gastroenterol

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The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the biggest threats to the world since 2019. The respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the main targets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection for they highly express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and transmembrane protease serine 2. In patients suffering from COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms have ranged from 12% to 61%. Anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are considered to be the main gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19. It has been reported that the direct damage of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, malnutrition, and intestinal flora disorders are involved in COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we reviewed and discussed the correlated mechanisms that cause gastrointestinal symptoms in order to help to develop the treatment strategy and build an appropriate guideline for medical workers.

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Faecal calprotectin as a potential biomarker of disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential

Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential

Mechanism and potential treatments for gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with COVID-19

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