Fading in lightwave systems due to polarization-mode dispersion

Poole, C. D.; Tkach, R.W.; Chraplyvy, A. R.; Fishman, D.A.

doi:10.1109/68.68051

Cited by 239 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For out-of-band crosstalk, the carrier phase difference at the receiver will depend on the fiber path length and chromatic dispersion even though the same RF generator may have been used at the CO during modulation. Both in-band and out-of-band crosstalk may also experience polarization mode dispersion, resulting in a slowly time-varying phase difference [16]. The various RF oscillators used in the network may also drift slowly over time relative to one other, resulting in a similar effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optical crosstalk in fiber-radio WDM networks

Castleford

Nirmalathas

Novak

et al. 2001

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This paper investigates the impact of optical crosstalk in fiber-radio systems incorporating wavelength division multiplexing. (WDM). We present a simple analytical model that allows the impact of optical crosstalk in such networks to be assessed and validate the results via experiment for both in-band and out-of-band optical crosstalk. We show that crosstalk-induced power penalties in fiber-radio WDM networks are reduced compared to baseband modulation for the case of in-band crosstalk. In addition, in contrast to baseband modulated optical links, the crosstalk channel in fiber-radio systems can be filtered electrically if the crosstalk signal carries a different wireless frequency. However, a power penalty is still observed for the case of in-band crosstalk, even for perfect electrical filtering of the crosstalk channel.Index Terms-Fiber-radio, optical crosstalk, wavelength division multiplexing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optical crosstalk in fiber-radio WDM networks

Castleford

Nirmalathas

Novak

et al. 2001

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…As shown in the table, large dispersion as -40 ps/nm/km was realized with IDF-40, but A eff was 21μm 2 and attenuation loss became 0.26 dB/km. PMD also became larger and it also strictly limits transmission performance [27,28]. As aforementioned, the dispersion enlargement of IDF, which can be realized by changing a Δ1 value of a w-shaped profile, is advantageous for low nonlinear property in a total line, but it generally sacrifices A eff , loss and PMD properties.…”

Section: Dispersion Enlargement With Idfmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dispersion compensating fiber used as a transmission fiber: inverse/reverse dispersion fiber

et al. 2006

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This paper gives an overview of IDF/RDF fiber design and development for submarine system. It starts with the concept of dispersion management line and its difference from the conventional DCF used in a module. Then it reviews the fiber design details and optical properties of various types of fibers used as parts of dispersion management lines. Fiber splicing issues using MFD expanding method and a brief summary of transmission experiments using the dispersion management lines are also included. Finally, we discussed a medial dispersion alternative comprising a positive and negative medial dispersion fiber and future optical properties improvements possibilities.

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“…[2] The scenario becomes even more challenging when considering that even the existing network is not static, and degrading effects can change with environmental temperature, component drift, aging, and fiber plant maintenance. [3] If cost reduction is a primary goal, then reducing the person-in-the-loop may provide the cost relief necessary for future deployment and management.…”

Section: Plug-and-play Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future highly-efficient optical networks

Willner

2005

(CLEO). Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2005.

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In the 10-year horizon, optical networks may take evolutionary or revolutionary paths towards higher capacity, robustness, reconfigurability, andflexibility. We will explore key technical challenges that are being pursued within the areas ofmonitoringfor plug-&-play operation, packet switching, and traffic convergence.When envisioning the 10-year horizon of optical networks, there are certain laudable goals that may be pursued, such as higher capacity, stability, reconfigurability, flexibility, and security. These network goals come with a set of technical challenges for the optical engineer, and many challenges have yet to be identified. Moreover, the future optical network may be a revolutionary departure from today's network, or it may be an evolutionary path that is comprised of significant, performance-enhancing innovations.Additionally, the complementary roles of optics and electronics must be evaluated in any future network task in order to maximize performance and minimize cost.It must be emphasized that today's optical networks function in a fairly static fashion and are built to operate within well-defined specifications. This is quite different than a wireless local area network (LAN) that can accommodate new users in a very robust manner. In specific, it might be desirable for a highly-efficient future optical networks to accommodate: (i) "plug-&-play" operation of new network nodes, and (ii) a convergence of different types of traffic over the same network. Within these two main themes, this presentation will describe potential technical challenges towards realizing these functions. Plug-and-Play OperationDeployment of today's optical links and nodes is a person-intensive and onerous task due to the numerous system variables that must be balanced. In general, the required steps include: (i) extensive initial measurements of the plant, (ii) building equipment to a narrow range of specifications that is almost customized to each specific deployment, and (iii) fine tuning upon deployment in the field.[1] We are far from the ability to simply plug an optical node into an existing network and let the network management and control re-allocate resources to ensure transport of a high signal quality-of-service (QoS). These resources include amplifier gain, signal wavelengths, dispersion compensation, path determination, and bandwidth.[2] The scenario becomes even more challenging when considering that even the existing network is not static, and degrading effects can change with environmental temperature, component drift, aging, and fiber plant maintenance.[3] If cost reduction is a primary goal, then reducing the person-in-the-loop may provide the cost relief necessary for future deployment and management.In order to enable cost-effective and robust self-assembled operation, the network should probably be able to: (i) intelligently monitor the physical state of the network as well as the propagating data signals, (ii) automatically diagnose and repair the network, and (iii) allocate resources and redirect...

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Fading in lightwave systems due to polarization-mode dispersion

Cited by 239 publications

References 7 publications

Optical crosstalk in fiber-radio WDM networks

Optical crosstalk in fiber-radio WDM networks

Dispersion compensating fiber used as a transmission fiber: inverse/reverse dispersion fiber

Future highly-efficient optical networks

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