Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band

Abstract

Recent standardization of portions of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band for fifthgeneration (5G) operation has called for further research on how short-term fading behaves in that unexplored part of the spectrum. With such a target, this paper reports on a thorough measurement campaign conducted in an indoor environment characterized by rich-multipath scattering, a part of a modern building, with floor and ceiling constructed of reinforced concrete over steel plates with wood and plasterboardpaneled walls. Particularly, measurements have been performed in a variety of scenarios, under line-ofsight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (nLoS) conditions, for a wide range of frequencies, namely from 25 to 40 GHz -a span of 15 GHz -therefore, including 26, 28 and 39 GHz. First and second order statistics of representative fading models, namely Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami, folded normal, α-µ, η-µ, κ-µ, and α-η-κ-µ have been investigated. The metrics used in the analysis were the normalized mean square error (NMSE), the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Additionally, the study of the κ-µ model is advanced, in which new, exact, simple closed-form expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and level crossing rate are derived for some particular cases, namely for µ = n + 1/2 in which n ∈ N.

Research on indoor positioning method based on LoRa-improved fingerprint localization algorithm

“…In the study, factors such as the effectiveness of RSSI data processing and the stability of LoRa indoor propagation will affect the absolute positioning accuracy, so it is necessary to comprehensively analyze these factors, use appropriate hardware devices and antennas, and develop more effective RSSI data processing strategies to improve the accuracy of LoRa-based indoor positioning [15][16][17][18] . In related research fields, various methods have been proposed to solve similar problems, such as Kalman filters, moving average filters, multipath fading modelling, and calibration methods [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

A Tractable Statistical Representation of IFTR Fading With Applications

“…In this regard, channel multipath fading is an essential propagation effect to be considered due to the potential detrimental impact on performance. Therefore, accurate characterization of wireless channel fading at those higher frequencies has become a relevant research topic, and much effort is being made in this area [4]- [6]. Theoretical statistical channel models are fundamental tools for evaluating the performance of wireless networks and can also help to reduce the high computational load of software network simulations [7].…”

Performance Analysis of Multi-Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Empowered THz Wireless Systems

“…Note that MG is a general distribution that can be simplified in or accurately approximate a number of usually employed distributions including Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagamim, α − µ, κ − η, etc. As a consequence, it can be used for modeling a number of low-to high-frequency wireless systems, including mmW [25]- [29] and THz [30]- [32]. • Building upon the system model, we statistically characterize in terms of probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the signalto-noise-ratio (SNR) at the legitimate RX and the eavesdropper.…”