Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems

Shiu, Da-shan; Foschini, G.J.; Gans, M.J.; Kahn, Joseph M.

doi:10.1109/26.837052

Cited by 2,064 publications

(151 citation statements)

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“…There has been larger number of papers showing the capacity gain of MIMO systems (e.g., [2]). Recent work has shown the limitation of MIMO systems due to channel correlation [6,7]. Using channel decomposition developed in this paper, we can further analyze the MIMO capacity in terms of physical antenna configuration.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial decomposition of MIMO wireless channels

Abhayapala

Pollock

Kennedy

2003

Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings.

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In this paper a novel decomposition of spatial channels is developed to provide insight into spatial aspects of multiple antenna communication systems. The underlying physics of the free space propagation is used to model the channel in scatterer free regions around the transmitter and the receiver, and the rest of the complex scattering media is represented by a parametric model. The channel matrix is separated into a product of known and random matrices where the known portion shows the effects of the physical configuration of antenna elements. We use the model to show the intrinsic degrees of freedom in a multi-antenna system. Potential applications of the model are briefly discussed.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work related to better understanding of MIMO systems are reported in [4,5,6,7,8,9]. The spatial channel…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial decomposition of MIMO wireless channels

Abhayapala

Pollock

Kennedy

2003

Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings.

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“…Analysis of the channel capacities have been taken up by the research communities worldwide and reported in the literature for last few decades over varieties of fading channels considering different communication model [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The power and rate adaptation techniques provide maximum channel capacity using optimized system resource.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adaptive Transmission with Multiuser TAS/MRC Systems over Exponentially Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels

Mudoi¹,

Subadar²

2017

IJET

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Abstract-This paper analyzes the channel capacity for multiuser Transmit antenna selection (TAS) / Maximal ratio combining (MRC) system over exponentially correlated Rayleigh fading channels. TAS scheme reduces the hardware complexity and the number of RF chains in MIMO systems and MRC is a diversity technique which provides optimal performance. The correlation is almost unavoidable in spatial diversity combining scheme due to reduced size of the wireless portable receivers. Different types of correlations exist based on their antenna placing. Exponential correlation is observed when antennas are put in a linear array in a communication receiver. Expressions for channel capacities with different power and rate adaptation techniques have been found. The influence of diversity order and correlation on the channel capacity has been examined for different adaptive transmission techniques.Keyword-Channel capacity, Multi-user MIMO, TAS/MRC, Rayleigh fading, Exponential correlation I. INTRODUCTION To remove the issue of rapid fluctuations of receiving signals in wireless environment multi-antenna systems are accepted worldwide for the modern communication systems. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is the best techniques among all which can provide multiplexing gain along with the diversity gain [1]. However, with an increase in the number of antennas and the number of users in the multiuser environment the computational complexity of a MIMO system increases exponentially. To reduce the computational complexity of a MIMO system without affecting the performance of the MIMO system, TAS/ MRC is a well-accepted method [2,3]. TAS techniques reduce the number of RF links considerably without affecting the performance of the system. In TAS/MRC scheme, the channel state information (CSI) of all link has been sent back to the transmitter and based on CSI information the best antenna which maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the maximal-ratio combiner is chosen for transmission [3][4][5].The information of maximum channel capacities provides vital information to the design personnel to plan their communication system optimally. Analysis of the channel capacities have been taken up by the research communities worldwide and reported in the literature for last few decades over varieties of fading channels considering different communication model [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The power and rate adaptation techniques provide maximum channel capacity using optimized system resource. For a multiuser TAS/MRC system, it will be easy to implement the adaptive transmission schemes since the sender is already receiving CSI. Considering TAS/ MRC, channel capacities have been analyzed recently in [15] including the channel estimation errors.Maximal ratio combining uses multiple diversity path to receive the transmitted signal. At maximum theoretical analysis, antenna correlations have been avoided to reduce the analytical complexity. Practically the antenna correlation is unavoidable due to the sp...

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confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical work of [1] showed the potential for significant capacity increases in wireless channels via spatial multiplexing with sparse antenna arrays. However, in reality the capacity is significantly reduced when the antennas are constrained to within spatial apertures of finite size so the signals received by different antennas become correlated [2].The excited plane waves of a single isotropic radiating antenna may be mathematically described by a modal series expansion, where each mode corresponds to a different solution of the governing electromagnetic equations (Maxwell's equations) for the given boundary conditions. The complex channel gain between a transmit antenna and receive antenna can then be considered as spatial-to-mode coupling at the transmitter, mode-to-spatial coupling at the receiver, and a modeto-mode gain due to the scattering environment connecting the two [3].…”

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Limits to multi-antenna capacity of spatially selective channels

Pollock

Abhayapala

Kennedy

International Symposium onInformation Theory, 2004. ISIT 2004. Proceedings.

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-In this paper we present a new upper bound on the mutual information of MIMO systems. By characterizing the fundamental communication modes between two physical regions, we develop an intrinsic capacity which is independent of antenna array geometries and array signal processing, and depends only on the size of the regions and the statistics of the scattering environment.Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communications systems using multi-antenna arrays simultaneously during transmission and reception have generated significant interest in recent years. Theoretical work of [1] showed the potential for significant capacity increases in wireless channels via spatial multiplexing with sparse antenna arrays. However, in reality the capacity is significantly reduced when the antennas are constrained to within spatial apertures of finite size so the signals received by different antennas become correlated [2].The excited plane waves of a single isotropic radiating antenna may be mathematically described by a modal series expansion, where each mode corresponds to a different solution of the governing electromagnetic equations (Maxwell's equations) for the given boundary conditions. The complex channel gain between a transmit antenna and receive antenna can then be considered as spatial-to-mode coupling at the transmitter, mode-to-spatial coupling at the receiver, and a modeto-mode gain due to the scattering environment connecting the two [3]. Theorem 1 (Aperture Mode Cardinality) Antennas constrained within a 2D circular aperture of radius r can only excite (couple with) a finite set of communication modes with maximum cardinalityregardless of the number of antennas within the aperture. Corollary 1 (Upper Bound on Capacity) The instantaneous mutual information between a transmit region of radius rT and receive region of radius rR has supremumwhere H S is a Nr R × Nr T scattering environment matrix, which defines the random complex gains between the Nr T transmit region modes and the Nr R receive region modes.The mode-to-mode capacity (2) represents the intrinsic capacity for communication between two spatial apertures, giving 1 National ICT Australia is funded through the Australian Government's Backing Australia's Ability initiative, in part through the Australian Research Council. the maximum mutual information for all possible array configurations and array signal processing. From Theorem 1, the intrinsic capacity is determined by the size of the regions containing the antenna arrays (number of available modes), along with the statistics of the scattering channel matrix (modal correlation). Fig. 1 shows the impact of modal correlation on the ergodic mode-to-mode capacity for increasing angular spread at the transmitter and isotropic scattering at the reciever 2 for 10dB SNR. We consider transmit and receive apertures of radius 0.8λ, corresponding to 2 πe0.8 + 1 = 15 modes at each aperture. For comparison, also shown is the capacity for an 15 antenna uniform linear (ULA), uniform circular (UCA), and uni...

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Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems

Cited by 2,064 publications

References 19 publications

Spatial decomposition of MIMO wireless channels

Spatial decomposition of MIMO wireless channels

Adaptive Transmission with Multiuser TAS/MRC Systems over Exponentially Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels

Limits to multi-antenna capacity of spatially selective channels

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