In this chapter, the authors present a flexible data analytic framework aimed at guiding school teams to examine assessment data and use findings to inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of literacy instruction in school settings. The data analytic tool is designed to promote teacher professional learning through teamwork and collaborative inquiry, strengthen instructional practices, and eventually improve students' literacy achievement outcomes. Following a brief review of key research findings relative to the value of data-based decision making in instructional improvement, the authors describe the data analytic framework and provide a case example which will serve to better guide school teams in using assessment data to inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of instruction for all students. Finally, the authors offer recommendations that will help support literacy coaches as they work to strengthen instructional practices and improve students' achievement outcomes within their schools and communities.