“…Certainly, not all who apply are successful; nor should they be. At the same time, a sense of "stigma" and "second-class citizenship status" has been attributed to those faculty who either fail to earn promotion or who are "frozen in rank" (Blackburn & Lawrence, 1995), giving rise to myths about faculty "deadwood" and a concern about the lack of vitality of senior faculty (Baldwin, DeZure, Shaw, & Moretto, 2008;Baldwin, Lunceford, & Vanderlinden, 2005;Bland & Bergquist, 1997;Rice & Finkelstein, 1993). And, while there are certainly a significant number of associate professors who are happy to remain at their current rank and continue to do what matters most to them (Bland & Bergquist, 1997;Jaschik, 2010), the level of dissatisfaction measured by institutions across the U.S. at this rank (Trower, 2011a(Trower, , 2011b points to concerns worthy of examination.…”