Faculty, Candidates, and Children at Play: Perceptions and Dissonances

Developing and testing a protocol to systematically assess social interaction with urban outdoor environment

“…The SIS is developed according to Parten's (1932) scheme, which was tested for the validity to determine the levels of social interactions and established the psychometric properties ( Bakeman & Brownlee, 1980 ; Bakeman & Gottman, 1997 ). Even though Parten's scheme was originally applied to children, it has been evaluated as a valid coding scheme for assessing social interaction for different age groups ( Charko et al, 2016 ; Coplan et al, 2015 ) and in different settings including urban open space ( Donohue, 2015 ; Loebach et al, 2020 ). To verify the psychometric utility of SOSIP, a parallel-forms of reliability test was conducted to demonstrate the internal consistency of the protocol.…”

“…Parten's characterization of social interactions has been widely applied to other age groups in different settings ( Bakeman & Gottman, 1997 ; Charko et al, 2016 ; Coplan et al, 2015; Donohue, 2015 ; Loebach et al, 2020 ). Subsequent scholars have discussed whether subtle distinctions between the codes were necessary ( Bakeman & Gottman, 1997 ).…”