Facultative to strict anaerobes ratio in the preterm infant microbiota

Arboleya, Silvia; Solı́s, Gonzalo; Fernández, Nuria; Reyes‐Gavilán, Clara G. de los; Gueimonde, Miguel

doi:10.4161/gmic.21942

Cited by 68 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Assuming VG babies as healthy controls, this might contemplate some sort of imbalanced microbiota in CS babies (Arboleya et al, 2012) and might also hint that the trajectory of C-section-associated gut dysbiosis may already instigate as early as the 1st day of life. Slightly higher count of facultative anaerobe community belonging to Enterobacteriaceae in VG babies might indicate the transmission of maternal perianal bacteria during birth, because enterobacteria are typical fecal bacteria and defecation during parturition is not uncommon (de Muinck et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of the Meconium Bacterial Microbiota in Healthy Term Infants Born Vaginally or by Cesarean Section

et al. 2016

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For decades, babies were thought to be born germ-free, but recent evidences suggest that they are already exposed to various bacteria in utero. However, the data on population levels of such pioneer gut bacteria, particularly in context to birth mode, is sparse. We herein aimed to quantify such bacteria from the meconium of 151 healthy term Japanese infants born vaginally or by C-section. Neonatal first meconium was obtained within 24–48 h of delivery; RNA was extracted and subjected to reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR using specific primers for Clostridium coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, Atopobium cluster, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, C. perfringens, and C. difficile. We detected several bacterial groups in both vaginally- and cesarean-born infants. B. fragilis group, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus were detected in more than 50% of infants, with counts ranging from 105 to 108 cells/g sample. About 30–35% samples harbored Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (104–105 cells/g); whereas C. coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup and C. perfringens were detected in 10–20% infants (103–105 cells/g). Compared to vaginally-born babies, cesarean-born babies were significantly less often colonized with Lactobacillus genus (6% vs. 37%; P = 0.01) and Lactobacillus gasseri subgroup (6% vs. 31%; P = 0.04). Overall, seven Lactobacillus subgroups/species, i.e., L. gasseri subgroup, L. ruminis subgroup, L. casei subgroup, L. reuteri subgroup, L. sakei subgroup, L. plantarum subgroup, and L. brevis were detected in the samples from vaginally-born group, whereas only two members, i.e., L. gasseri subgroup and L. brevis were detected in the cesarean group. These data corroborate that several bacterial clades may already be present before birth in term infants’ gut. Further, lower detection rate of lactobacilli in cesarean-born babies suggests that the primary source of lactobacilli in infant gut is mainly from maternal vaginal and–to a lesser extent–anal microbiota during vaginal delivery, and that the colonization by some important Lactobacillus species is delayed in babies delivered via cesarean-section.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of the Meconium Bacterial Microbiota in Healthy Term Infants Born Vaginally or by Cesarean Section

et al. 2016

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“…These factors are extremely important for preterm infants because they influence the pattern of bacterial gut colonization, which is different to that in the healthy full-term infant (Figure 1). Briefly, preterm infants showed retarded Bifidobacterium-microbiota colonization, a high prevalence of Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and other lactic acid bacteria as the genus Lactobacillus and Weissella in a low-diversity bacterial ecosystem (13)(14)(15). In preterm birth a negative correlation with gestational age and a tendency toward a higher inflammatory response has been associated with higher presence of Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Photorhabdus, and Tannerella spp.…”

Section: Prematurity and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing gastrointestinal tract and microbiota immune interaction in preterm infants

et al. 2015

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“…Colonization by anaerobic microorganisms follows, including Bifidobacterium , Bacteroides and Clostridium, resulting in a gradual decrease of the ratio of facultative anaerobes to strict anaerobes over time (Arboleya et al, 2012). Bifidobacteria, along with lactobacilli, are an important part of normal intestinal microbiota of various mammalian species and are also the best characterized and widely commercialized probiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria effects, immune responses and rotavirus vaccines and infection in different host species

Vlasova

Kandasamy

Chattha

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

151

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Different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera possess significant and widely acknowledged health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. They also provide an affordable means for prevention and treatment of various infectious, allergic and inflammatory conditions as demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies. Despite the ample evidence of protective effects of these probiotics against rotavirus (RV) infection and disease, the precise immune mechanisms of this protection remain largely undefined, because of limited mechanistic research possible in humans and investigated in the majority of animal models. Additionally, while most human clinical probiotic trials are well-standardized using the same strains, uniform dosages, regimens of the probiotic treatments and similar host age, animal studies often lack standardization, have variable experimental designs, and non-uniform and sometime limited selection of experimental variables or observational parameters. This review presents selected data on different probiotic strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and summarizes the knowledge of their immunomodulatory properties and the associated protection against RV disease in diverse host species including neonates.

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Facultative to strict anaerobes ratio in the preterm infant microbiota

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of the Meconium Bacterial Microbiota in Healthy Term Infants Born Vaginally or by Cesarean Section

Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of the Meconium Bacterial Microbiota in Healthy Term Infants Born Vaginally or by Cesarean Section

Factors influencing gastrointestinal tract and microbiota immune interaction in preterm infants

Comparison of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria effects, immune responses and rotavirus vaccines and infection in different host species

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