Factory Tsetse Flies Must Behave Like Wild Flies: A Prerequisite for the Sterile Insect Technique

Vreysen, Marc J. B.; Saleh, Khalfan M.; Lancelot, Renaud; Bouyer, Jérémy

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000907

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the case of G. austeni on the Island of Unguja, data is available that indicates that the distribution of the released sterile males was highly correlated with that of wild male and female flies. The ability of sterile males to aggregate (and thus locate) in those areas preferred by the wild males is of primary importance to ensure adequate sterile-to-wild male ratios everywhere [40]. Based upon our observations, it is important to consider the balance between increasing competitiveness with age and age specific mortality, as well as the cost of keeping males in the insectary for a longer period, in order to enhance chances of delivering sterile sperm to the wild population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Storage of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae at low temperature: effect on emergence, mating and survival

et al. 2014

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Background: Procurement of sterile tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis gambiensis) from Burkina Faso for an eradication programme in Senegal that incorporates the sterile insect technique (SIT) required the development of transport and handling protocols that would allow retaining the female flies in the rearing facility and transport of the male flies as irradiated pupae. The proposed handling scheme included the chilling of the male pupae after the female emergence and transport to Senegal under low temperatures. The effect of exposing male pupae of G. p. gambiensis to low temperature immediately prior to emergence was investigated. Methods: The parameters of interest were emergence rate, insemination potential, survival of adult male, male ability to participate in mating activities and productivity of females mated with these males. Production was assessed in laboratory rearing cages and mating behaviour in field cages. Male flies that emerged after the female emergence flush from pupae stored at 10°C or 12.5°C for 5 or 7 days were used in the investigations with flies that emerged under standard colony conditions as control. Males that were 3, 6 or 9 days old competed for mating opportunities with 3 day old females. Results:The emergence of males after storage of pupae at low temperature (10°C and 12.5°C) for 3, 5, or 7 days was similar to those kept under standard colony conditions while emergence of flies stored at 15°C started before the storage period was over. Survival of males that emerged from pupae stored at low temperature for varying periods was more than 60% at 30 days post emergence (control more than 75%). The fecundity of females inseminated by males that emerged from pupae stored at low temperature for varying periods ranged from 0.33±0.16 to 0.73±0.04 pupae per female per 10 days (control 0.60±0.16). The older males, irrespective of treatment, out-competed the younger males and 3 day-old males transferred lower amounts of seminal contents to the females. Conclusions: Storage of male pupae at low temperature for periods up to 7 days at the end of the male pupal period could not be directly associated with impairment of mating activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…to separate the sexes, thus sacrificing some of the insects' quality in order to bring about the desired process efficiency [37][38][39]. In the application of the SIT, the quality of the males is of prime importance since the males will be expected to successfully compete against wild males for mating opportunities [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae at low temperature: effect on emergence, mating and survival

et al. 2014

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“…This approach seems to be inadequate as was recently confirmed by an analysis of dispersal data of sterile male Glossina austeni Newstead that were released homogeneously from the air. The recapture data indicated that the sterile flies congregated in the same sites that were also preferred by their wild counterparts [61]. In addition, when riverine tsetse find themselves in unsuitable sites, they are capable of dispersing up to 2km per day to reach suitable habitats (Bouyer J., unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Population Structures of Two Vectors of African Trypanosomoses in Burkina Faso: Consequences for Control

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAfrican animal trypanosomosis is a major obstacle to the development of more efficient and sustainable livestock production systems in West Africa. Riverine tsetse species such as Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and Glossina tachinoides Westwood are the major vectors. A wide variety of control tactics is available to manage these vectors, but their removal will in most cases only be sustainable if the control effort is targeting an entire tsetse population within a circumscribed area.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn the present study, genetic variation at microsatellite DNA loci was used to examine the population structure of G. p. gambiensis and G. tachinoides inhabiting four adjacent river basins in Burkina Faso, i.e. the Mouhoun, the Comoé, the Niger and the Sissili River Basins. Isolation by distance was significant for both species across river basins, and dispersal of G. tachinoides was ∼3 times higher than that of G. p. gambiensis. Thus, the data presented indicate that no strong barriers to gene flow exists between riverine tsetse populations in adjacent river basins, especially so for G. tachinoides.Conclusions/SignificanceTherefore, potential re-invasion of flies from adjacent river basins will have to be prevented by establishing buffer zones between the Mouhoun and the other river basin(s), in the framework of the PATTEC (Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign) eradication project that is presently targeting the northern part of the Mouhoun River Basin. We argue that these genetic analyses should always be part of the baseline data collection before any tsetse control project is initiated.

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“…IIT could potentially be advantageous over SIT, since it does not rely on the use of irradiation to sterilize males, a process that results in the release of males with reduced fitness. In IIT, sterility is due to the presence of a Wolbachia strain generically capable of inducing CI (Bourtzis, 2008; Bourtzis and Robinson, 2006; Vreysen et al, 2011). Second, Wolbachia -induced CI could also be used as a spreading/replacement mechanism for desired phenotypes, because infected females have a reproductive advantage over uninfected females, since they can mate with both uninfected and infected males thus invading populations in nature (Bourtzis, 2008; Bourtzis and Robinson, 2006; Bourtzis and O’Neill, 1998; Brelsfoard and Dobson, 2009; Dobson et al, 2002; Hoffmann et al, 1998; Rasgon, 2008, 2007; Sinkins and Gould, 2006).…”

Section: Wolbachia-induced CI and Tsetse Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsetse-Wolbachia symbiosis: Comes of age and has great potential for pest and disease control

Doudoumis

Alam

Aksoy

et al. 2013

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, the causative agent of sleeping sickness in human and nagana in animals. Like most eukaryotic organisms, Glossina species have established symbiotic associations with bacteria. Three main symbiotic bacteria have been found in tsetse flies: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, an obligate symbiotic bacterium, the secondary endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius and the reproductive symbiont Wolbachia pipientis. In the present review, we discuss recent studies on the detection and characterization of Wolbachia infections in Glossina species, the horizontal transfer of Wolbachia genes to tsetse chromosomes, the ability of this symbiont to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in Glossina morsitans morsitans and also how new environment-friendly tools for disease control could be developed by harnessing Wolbachia symbiosis.

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Factory Tsetse Flies Must Behave Like Wild Flies: A Prerequisite for the Sterile Insect Technique

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Storage of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae at low temperature: effect on emergence, mating and survival

Storage of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae at low temperature: effect on emergence, mating and survival

Contrasting Population Structures of Two Vectors of African Trypanosomoses in Burkina Faso: Consequences for Control

Tsetse-Wolbachia symbiosis: Comes of age and has great potential for pest and disease control

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