Factors that Influence the Tourism Industry's Carbon Emissions: a Tourism Area Life Cycle Model Perspective

Decomposition analysis of tourism CO2 emissions for sustainable development: A case study of China

“…The proposed method is applied to examine the sources of changes in tourism CO 2 emissions, and the main findings and implications show the following: The scale effect was found to be the dominant factor driving tourism CO 2 emissions growth, indicating that mainly the scale expansion of tourism economic outputs is responsible for the sharp rise of tourism CO 2 emissions. This result echoes the findings of Tang et al () and Sun (). Over the last few decades, China's tourism industry has experienced significant growth in tourist arrivals and economic outputs, which dramatically increased the use of tourism transportation, accommodation, catering, and other service facilities, resulting in soaring energy consumption and CO 2 emissions.…”

“…Moreover, tourism also consumes extensive goods and services to satisfy the needs of tourists, and the goods and services provided by other industries inevitably consume energy and indirectly produce CO 2 emissions during their production process (Munday, Turner, & Jones, 2013). In recent years, many studies on the measurement of tourism CO 2 emissions began with direct CO 2 emissions and then expanded to indirect CO 2 emissions (Becken & Patterson, 2006;Dwyer et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2017). The importance of indirect CO 2 emissions from the tourism industry has been stressed by Patterson and McDonald (2004), Gössling (2009), andSun (2016).…”

“…In addition, some scholars have also tried using the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model (Zhang & Zhang, 2018). With these methods, existing studies have outlined some factors that most likely influence tourism CO 2 emissions, including energy intensity (Liu, Feng, & Yang, 2011;Robaina-Alves, Moutinho, & Costa, 2016), energy structure (Tang et al, 2017), carbon intensity (Robaina-Alves et al, 2016;Wang, Shao, Zhou, & Liu, 2017), tourist arrivals (Katircioglu et al, 2014;Liu, Chen, & Zhang, 2017), expenditure size (Liu et al, 2011), tourism economic output (Tang et al, 2014;Tang et al, 2017), sector structure (Tang et al, 2017), and carbon tax (Zhang & Zhang, 2018).…”

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Their Influencing Factors for Tourist Attractions at Heritage Tourist Destinations

“…Tourist attractions and activities, considered as a sub-sector in the conceptual framework for tourism satellite accounts (TSA) of the WTO (1999), constitute the core of the tourism product [17]. A study shows that the proportion of carbon emissions of tourist attractions and activities from the whole tourism industry is 22.46% at the destination in 2015 [15]. It can be concluded that carbon emissions from tourist attractions and activities are very important and the corresponding data is lacking in the study of sustainable tourism, so this paper tries to fill this gap through calculating and analyzing carbon emissions of tourist attractions and activities.World Heritage Sites are the most important tourist attractions in the world.…”

“…Many studies show that the development of tourism could promote the rapid socio-economic development of natural heritage sites and the effective protection of heritage resources [30,31]. However, many heritage tourism sites are facing natural threats such as climate change, fragile ecosystems, and the pressure of resources and environment brought by the rapid development of the tourism industry [15,[32][33][34], the reduction of biodiversity and ecological safety index [35,36], prominent impaired universal values [37,38], over-commercialization [39], serious waste [40], impaired quality of heritage landscape resources [41,42] and a slew of other issues. Some of the World Heritage Sites have been given a yellow card warning by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee because of some of the issues mentioned above [43].How to correctly understand and reasonably cope with the various ecological threats and environmental pollution in the development of heritage tourism has become an important research topic for the sustainable development of World Heritage Sites [42,[44][45][46].…”