Factors That Determine Areas Into Containment Zones of A Disease- A Review

Abstract

Containment zones, or areas with strictly enforced restrictions regarding social interactions and selfprotective behaviour, are basically demarcated to ensure that in the early stages or at the least, as soon as possible, a disease is confined to particular areas and not allowed to spread to unaffected areas. Influenced by ecological, environmental, pathogenic and demographic factors, which still are just a few of the many formative factors, implementing such demarcations have helped prevent worsening situations in many cases. Building containment zones require analysing experiences from previous attacks of a disease, mathematical modelling and social spread pattern identification, as well as understanding the progression of the disease from rural areas to urban metro cities. Moreover, on account of the diverse characterisation of a geographical area and its population, all the parts of the area will not be uniformly affected. Thus, developing containment zones and implementing them require strategic planning. Further, if effectively dealt with and reviewed, containment zones even transform back into safe zones. This review will assess the necessity of a containment zone, its emergence and factors influencing it, its relation with hotspots and finally, how it could be transformed into safe zones, free of disease constraints.