“…24 Similarly, not all sample types (e.g. HDPE coupons or operational pipes) are suitable for glass-bead sonication, and instead the only practical options for biofilm removal are swabbing, 50,51 or brushing. 26,52 For downstream flow cytometry, brushing conveys additional benefits over swabbing or scraping as it limits debris, which has been previously observed to impact flow cytometry detection limits.…”