Factors Related to the Appearance of Alveolar Macrophages in the Developing Lung

Jacobs, R F; Wilson, Christopher; Palmer, Susan; Springmeyer, Steven C.; Henderson, William R.; Glover, David M.; Kessler, Daniel; Murphy, James P.; Hughes, John P.; Belle, Gerald van

doi:10.1164/arrd.1985.131.4.548

Cited by 53 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In utero, premature baboons at 125 d of gestation have minimal, if any, alveolar macrophages, comparable to other premature species. Mononuclear cells enter the saccules/ alveoli just before and after parturition in mammals, including the human (49)(50)(51)(52), and their appearance correlates with the appearance of surfactant material in newborn monkeys (53). In this study, an increased influx of alveolar macrophages was identified in the air spaces of the surfactant-treated CLD ba- boons within 48 h, a finding not evident in the 48-h tracheal aspirates of the 140-d baboon model of hyaline membrane disease (HMD)/BPD, which does not receive exogenous surfactant treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease in Extremely Immature Baboons

Coalson

Winter

Siler-Khodr

et al. 1999

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

464

422

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A borderline viability model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/chronic lung disease of infancy (CLD) with pathophysiologic parameters consistent with those in extremely immature humans with BPD/CLD is described. After prenatal steroid treatment of pregnant dams, 12 premature baboons were delivered by cesarean-section at 125 d (term gestation, 185 d), treated with exogenous surfactant, and maintained on appropriate oxygen and positive pressure ventilation for at least 1 to 2 mo. In spite of appropriate oxygenation (median FI(O(2)) at 28 d = 0.32; range, 0.21 to 0.50) and ventilatory strategies to prevent volutrauma, the baboons exhibited pulmonary pathologic lesions known to occur in extremely immature humans of less than 1,000 g: alveolar hypoplasia, variable saccular wall fibrosis, and minimal, if any, airway disease. The CLD baboon lungs showed significantly decreased alveolization and internal surface area measurements when compared with term and term + 2-mo air-breathing controls. A decrease in capillary vasculature was evident by PECAM staining, accompanied by dysmorphic changes. Significant elevations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 levels, but not of IL-1beta and IL-10, in tracheal aspirate fluids were present at various times during the period of ventilatory support, supporting a role for mediator-induced autoinflammation. IL-8 levels were elevated in necropsy lavages of animals with significant lung infection. This model demonstrates that impaired alveolization and capillary development occur in immature lungs, even in the absence of marked hyperoxia and high ventilation settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease in Extremely Immature Baboons

Coalson

Winter

Siler-Khodr

et al. 1999

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

464

422

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“…132,140 The gut macrophage pool in the fetus contrasts with the macrophages in the lung; there are very few alveolar macrophages in the fetus and this population expands after birth. [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] However, the functional maturation of gut macrophages continues during early infancy and is influenced by antigens in ingested food and microbiota.…”

Section: Gut Macrophages In the Developing Intestine Are A Specialize...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Organ-specific Differentiation of Macrophages in the Developing Intestine

Maheshwari¹

2022

Newborn

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Macrophages are large highly motile phagocytic leukocytes that appear early during embryonic development and have been conserved during evolution. The developmental roles of macrophages were first described nearly a century ago, at about the time these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since then, we have made considerable progress in understanding the development of various subsets of macrophages and the diverse roles these cells play in both physiology and disease. This article reviews the phylogeny and the ontogeny of macrophages with a particular focus on the gastrointestinal tract, and the role of these mucosal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the importance of these macrophages in the inflammatory changes in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This article presents a combination of our own peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical studies, with an extensive review of the literature using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. Macrophages were first described at the beginning of the previous century by Paul Ehrlich and Ilya Metchnikoff as important mediators of innate immunity. 1 The name "macrophages" or "big eaters" came from the Greek words, "makros" or large, and "phagein" or eat. 2 Macrophages are large cells with an irregular cell shape, oval-or kidney-shaped nucleus, cytoplasmic vesicles, central nucleus, and high cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. 3 These cells are highly phagocytic and motile, and modulate immune responses by releasing various mediators. 4 The term mononuclear phagocyte includes lineage-committed bone marrow precursors, circulating monocytes, resident macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). 5 In this review, we have focused on the macrophage lineage as it expands and matures first, in utero, and plays an important role in the innate immune responses of newborn infants.

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“…The AM population expands in number during the early postnatal period (9 1-93), and part of this process is suggested to be due to recruitment of AM precursors (viz. young monocytes) via locally produced surf-factors which are unique to the neonate (94). Many of the effector functions of AM are reduced in neonates relative to adults (91,93,95,96), and increase postnatally at varying rates in the different species.…”

Section: Mononuclear Phagocytic Cells (Mpc)mentioning

confidence: 99%