Factors Related to Diet Adherence in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that causes increased blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia. High blood glucose levels can be controlled by following a diet program. Adherence to diet is one of the keys to stabilizing blood glucose and preventing complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with dietary adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus based on a literature study of 12 journals. Journal searches were carried out on Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords Factors AND Associated AND Diet OR Dietary AND Adherence OR Compliance AND Diabetes Mellitus. The journals were then assessed for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute and analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis, there is a relationship between intrinsic factors (age, gender, marital status, occupation, place of residence, education level, income/economic, family type, level of knowledge, BMI, duration of illness, perception, self-motivation, smoking, and family history of DM) of 71% and extrinsic factors (social support, family support, caregiver category, diet monitoring, and selection of food types) of 29%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that these factors are related to dietary compliance, so it is hoped that various nursing strategies can be designed to help people with diabetes mellitus improve their adherence to diets.
 Keywords: Dietary Compliance, Factors Associated, Diabetes Mellitus