Factors of risk and maintenance for eating disorders: psychometric exploration of the cross‐cultural questionnaire (CCQ) across five European countries

Abstract

This study offers preliminary evidence that the CCQ, available in five languages, is a useful and valid tool to assess factors of risk and maintenance for EDs.

Eating‐related Environmental Factors in Underweight Eating Disorders and Obesity: Are There Common Vulnerabilities During Childhood and Early Adolescence?

“…It includes 51 items, which are represented in six sections. A recent study (Penelo, et al, ) on the psychometric properties of the Cross‐Cultural Questionnaire (CCQ) offers preliminary evidence that it is a useful and valid screening instrument to assess past and present factors of risk and maintenance for EDs in a variety of different countries. In the present study, the questions relating to individual, family and social eating influences, and the early eating environmental section were considered.…”

“…In the present study, the questions relating to individual, family and social eating influences, and the early eating environmental section were considered. A more detailed description of the later section can be found in earlier publications (Fernandez‐Aranda, et al, ; Krug, et al, ; Penelo, et al, ). The 13 questions relating to early eating influences comprised a variety of factors such as body dissatisfaction, family weight concerns, relationships with family and friends, joint dieting with family and/or friends, teasing about eating habits and body shape as well as influences of the mass media.…”

Relevance of Social and Self‐standards in Eating Disorders

“…It was developed by an expert group from various European countries on the basis of the major instruments in the field of EDs, which are the Oxford Risk Factor Interview (Fairburn et al, ; Fairburn, Cooper, Doll, & Welch, ) and the McKnight Risk Factor Interview (Shisslak et al, ). A more detailed description of the CCQ can be found in earlier publications (Fernández‐Aranda et al, ; Krug et al, ; Penelo et al, ).…”

The role of sociocultural perspectives in eating disorder treatment: A study of health professionals

“…In responding to the significance of gender as a risk factor for eating problems, preventative efforts have commonly targeted the internalisation of the thin ideal and wider body dissatisfaction, and the most successful interventions have been seen to reduce ‘thinness expectancies’ (Culbert et al, 2015: 5) and disordered eating practices in populations of girls and women (Stice et al, 2013). There is also empirical evidence to suggest that gendered sociocultural ‘pressures to be thin’ – as shaped by peers, family and media use – can be a maintenance factor in EDs (Mabe et al, 2014; Penelo et al, 2011; Stice, 2002). The same is true of family attitudes towards weight and food regulation (Penelo et al, 2011), and family structures are themselves heavily imbricated within the regulation and expression of gender norms (Orbach, 1986).…”

“…There is also empirical evidence to suggest that gendered sociocultural ‘pressures to be thin’ – as shaped by peers, family and media use – can be a maintenance factor in EDs (Mabe et al, 2014; Penelo et al, 2011; Stice, 2002). The same is true of family attitudes towards weight and food regulation (Penelo et al, 2011), and family structures are themselves heavily imbricated within the regulation and expression of gender norms (Orbach, 1986). In this regard, while there has been far more sociocultural research on gender as a risk rather than maintenance factor for EDs, the inclusion of gender-focused interventions within ED treatment contexts is warranted – a perspective reinforced by the feminist approaches discussed below.…”