Factors of Nasopharynx that Favor the Colonization and Persistence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

González-García, Samuel; Hamdan-Partida, Aída; Bustos-Hamdan, Anaid; Bustos‐Martínez, Jaime

doi:10.5772/intechopen.95843

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Other Staphylococci species, e.g., Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and S. intermedius, are uncommon pathogens. Staphylococcus parasites in humans and primates mainly include the following: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, S. saccharolyticus, S. warneri, S. haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, S. saprophyticus, Staphylococcus pasteuri, and Staphylococcus xylosus, etc., among which S. aureus colonizes the nasal canals, axillae, and pharynx [10][11][12], while S. epidermidis is a widespread human skin commensal [13]. In addition, Staphylococcus species are usually divided into coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) represented by S. aureus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) represented by S. epidermidis.…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Staphylococcus Infections 21 Staphy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings

Zhang¹,

Gu²,

Usman³

et al. 2023

Infectious Diseases

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Staphylococci are mainly found on the skin or in the nose. These bacteria are typically friendly, causing no harm to healthy individuals or resulting in only minor issues that can go away on their own. However, under certain circumstances, staphylococcal bacteria could invade the bloodstream, affect the entire body, and lead to life-threatening problems like septic shock. In addition, antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus is another issue because of its difficulty in the treatment of infections, such as the notorious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is resistant to most of the currently known antibiotics. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of Staphylococcus and characterization of the antibiotic resistance profiles are essential in clinical settings for efficient prevention, control, and treatment of the bacteria. This chapter highlights recent advances in the diagnosis of Staphylococci in clinical settings with a focus on the advanced technique of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which will provide a framework for the real-world applications of novel diagnostic techniques in medical laboratories via bench-top instruments and at the bedside through point-of-care devices.

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Section: Clinical Significance Of Staphylococcus Infections 21 Staphy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings

Zhang¹,

Gu²,

Usman³

et al. 2023

Infectious Diseases

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“…Staphylococcus aureus is a microbiota of human body; however, it can cause mild to fatal infections. Globally, around 30.0% and 50.0% of people carry S. aureus in their nasal cavities permanently [ 1 , 2 ]. In the early 1960s, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was first reported in England [ 3 ], which is now ubiquitous all around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Carriage among Health Care Workers and Medical Students

Saud¹,

Khatri²,

Amatya³

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. It has been portrayed as a slow tsunami. Multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance exacerbate the already-existing AMR problem. The aim of the study was to access the colonization of methicillin-resistant and biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students (MSs). A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 352 participants (176 were HCWs and 176 were MSs) were enrolled from different hospitals and medical colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nasal cavity swab samples were collected and inoculated on Mannitol salt agar at standard in-vitro environmental conditions. Isolates were identified based on colony characteristics, staining properties, and biochemical tests. Identified isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production. Out of 352 participants, 65.3% were S. aureus carriers; among the carriers, 52.2% were HCWs and 47.8% were MSs. Of the total isolates, 47.4% isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 73.9% isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among MDR isolates, out of 109 MRSA isolates, 86.2% were MDR and out of 121 MSSA isolates, 62.8% were MDR where isolates were mainly resistant to erythromycin. In addition, 68.7% isolates were biofilm-forming; the results were similar in both MRSA and MSSA. Variables such as profession and educational level showed statistical significance ( p < 0.05) with MRSA, MSSA, and biofilm producers. In conclusion, asymptomatic colonization of healthcare workers by drug-resistant S. aureus is increasing at alarming rates. This reflects the lack of proper hygiene practice as well as improper disinfection of workplace of study population.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nasal mucosa in approximately 30% of healthy adults [ 1 ]. Individuals naturally colonized by S. aureus have an increased risk of infection by this bacterium since its presence does not cause a detectable immune response in the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA in Humans, Pets and Livestock in Portugal: Where We Came from and Where We Are Going

et al. 2022

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Over the years, molecular typing of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has allowed for the identification of endemic MRSA strains and pathogenic strains. After reaching a peak of predominance in a given geographic region, MRSA strains are usually replaced by a new strain. This process is called clonal replacement and is observed worldwide. The worldwide spread of hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) clones over the last few decades has allowed this microorganism to be currently considered a pandemic. In Portugal, most HA-MRSA infections are associated with EMRSA-15 (S22-IV), New York/Japan (ST5-II) and Iberian (ST247-I) clones. Regarding the strains found in the community, many of them are frequently associated with the hospital environment, namely the Pediatric, Brazilian and Iberian clones. On the other hand, a strain that is typically found in animals, MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398, has been described in humans as colonizing and causing infections. The ST398 clone is found across all animal species, particularly in farm animals where the economic impact of LA-MRSA infections can have disastrous consequences for industries. In contrast, the EMRSA-15 clone seems to be more related to companion animals. The objective of this review is to better understand the MRSA epidemiology because it is, undoubtedly, an important public health concern that requires more attention, in order to achieve an effective response in all sectors.

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Factors of Nasopharynx that Favor the Colonization and Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 11 publications

References 91 publications

Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings

Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings

Methicillin-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Carriage among Health Care Workers and Medical Students

MRSA in Humans, Pets and Livestock in Portugal: Where We Came from and Where We Are Going

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