Factors Influencing Transmission of Japanese B Encephalitis Virus by a Colonized Strain of Culex Tritaeniorhynchus Giles, from Infected Pigs and Chicks to Susceptible Pigs and Birds

Gresser, Ion; Hardy, James L.; Hu, S. M. K.; Scherer, William F.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1958.7.365

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Subsequent studies established that mosquitoes transmit JEV from a number of different species and reinforced the concept that JEV transmission is especially prevalent in areas where humans live near water birds or domestic pigs, and during the seasons when mosquito vector populations are high. [15][16][17] Birds from a variety of different species have been shown to be susceptible to infection with JEV, but are considered to play a minor role in virus transmission in comparison to egrets, herons, and pigs. 11,13,18 Adult ducks and chickens are among birds that develop a low magnitude viremia, unlikely to result in substantial transmission to feeding mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Susceptibility to Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Domestic Ducklings and Chicks

Cleton¹,

Bosco‐Lauth²,

Page³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Ardeid birds and pigs are known as major amplifying hosts for Japanese encephalitis virus, and ducklings and chickens have been considered to play at best a minor role in outbreaks because of their low or absent viremia. We hypothesized that viremia of sufficient magnitude would develop in young ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) and chicks (Gallus gallus) for them to serve as reservoir hosts and thereby contribute to the transmission cycle. Infection was associated with reduced weight gain in both species, and ducklings infected at 10 days of age or less showed overt clinical signs of disease. The mean peak viremia in birds of both species decreased as the age at infection increased from 2 to 42 days, indicating the importance of age of infection on magnitude of viremia in birds from both species, and suggesting that young poultry may be amplifying hosts of importance in disease-endemic regions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Susceptibility to Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Domestic Ducklings and Chicks

Cleton¹,

Bosco‐Lauth²,

Page³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, although JBE viraemias were lower, in 2/3 RNH they would have been sufficient to infect at least 50% of the vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus used in the investigation by Gresser et al (1958). On the other hand, Kay et al (1979), using blood-MVE virus mixtures and membrane feeding, determined the IDr,n for C annulirostris as 10^:" infant mouse LD-.o/mosquito (0002 ml) which is equivalent to a viraemia of 10" -LDso/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Primary Viraemia Responses of Herons to Experimental Infection With Murray Valley Encephalitis, Kunjin and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses

Boyle

Dickerman

Marshall

1983

Aust J Exp Biol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Rufous night herons, Pacific herons, little egrets and intermediate egrets were experimentally infected with Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin or Japanese encephalitis viruses. Viraemias of at least one day's duration were detected in all birds except two intermediate egrets inoculated with a very low dose of Kunjin virus and one rufous night heron inoculated with Japanese encephalitis virus. There was usually a viraemia of 3 to 5 days' duration commencing on the first or second day and continuing until day 5 or 6 and rarely until day 7. Maximum titres tended to be higher in young birds, up to 2–5 months of age (104–105 mouse LD50/ml), than in older birds more than 8 months of age (103–104 mouse LD50/ml). Significant differences in maximum viraemia titres were not observed in the different species or between Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses. Japanese encephalitis viraemias were significantly lower, but this was probably due to the high mouse brain passage level of the strain used. The onset of viraemia was earlier in intermediate egrets than in rufous night herons inoculated with similar doses of Murray Valley encephalitis virus, but no difference in the susceptibility to infection was observed. With Kunjin virus there was a significant difference in the susceptibility of intermediate egrets and rufous night herons, with rufous night herons being more susceptible to infection with low doses of virus. This difference in threshold of infection, if it extends to other species with both Kunjin and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses, may, in part, be an explanation for the greater incidence of natural infections observed in rufous night herons compared with other species and orders of water birds.

show abstract

“…Culex mosquitoes, especially Cx. tritaeniorhynchus , are the principal vector for both zoonotic and human JEV transmission [12], [13], [24], [25], [26]. The majority of mosquitoes trapped from JE case household settings were Cx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence of Japanese Encephalitis Epidemic in Wuhan, China, 2009–2010

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) was once epidemic in most areas of China, including Wuhan, a city located in the central part of China. The incidence of JE dramatically decreased due to nationwide immunization with the live attenuated JE virus (JEV) vaccine, and no JE cases were reported during 2005–2008 in Wuhan. In 2009 and 2010, 31 JE cases reoccurred in this area. In this study, we investigated the causes of JE recurrence.Methods and FindingsAll JE cases were laboratory-confirmed by detecting the JEV-specific IgM antibody with an IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients were children between 2 months and 9 years of age with a median age of 2 years. Of the 31 cases, 9 had received one or two doses of the JEV vaccine, 11 had not been immunized previously with the JEV vaccine, and 11 had an unclear immunization history. Through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, two new strains of JEV were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus and identified as genotype 1 JEV, rather than genotype 3, which circulated in this area previously.ConclusionsVaccine failure or missed vaccination may have caused JE recurrence. Local centers for disease control and prevention need to improve immunization coverage, and the efficacy of the JE vaccine needs to be reevaluated in a population at risk for disease.

show abstract

Factors Influencing Transmission of Japanese B Encephalitis Virus by a Colonized Strain of Culex Tritaeniorhynchus Giles, from Infected Pigs and Chicks to Susceptible Pigs and Birds

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Age-Related Susceptibility to Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Domestic Ducklings and Chicks

Age-Related Susceptibility to Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Domestic Ducklings and Chicks

Primary Viraemia Responses of Herons to Experimental Infection With Murray Valley Encephalitis, Kunjin and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses

Recurrence of Japanese Encephalitis Epidemic in Wuhan, China, 2009–2010

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About