Factors influencing the natural history of HIV-1 infection

Qu, Wei; Robinson, Matthew L.; Zhang, Fujie

doi:10.1097/00029330-200812020-00026

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Here, 𝑅(𝑡) is computed as 𝑅(𝑡) = 𝑁 − 𝑆(𝑡) − 𝐼(𝑡) only using the iterative formula for 𝑆(𝑡) and 𝐼(𝑡) are used and Through this process, differential equations with their respective solutions and the model's corresponding outputs are obtained, After the model is constructed, its output are fitted to the reported numbers from the actual epidemic. The SIR model is then modified given the variation in factors associated with HIV/AIDS transmission [22,23]. Dynamic models can provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemic process through simulation and can reflect its transmission by obtaining population-level outcomes from individual-level inputs [24].…”

Section: Numerical Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Allergic Rhinitis Infections in Adults with HIV/AIDS Using Runge-Kutta Fourth Order Method in SIR Model

Bulinda

2024

JAMCS

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Simulating Allergic Rhinitis infections in Adults with HIV/AIDS using Runge-Kutta Fourth Order (RK4) Method in SIR Model is considered. Allergic rhinitis patients living with HIV/AIDS disease in adults is regarded as the target population. This condition is modeled through an SIR model with solutions solved using the RK4. The applied parameters and initial conditions in numerical simulations are carried out in this study in the literature. Application of the Runge-Kutta solutions provides the behaviour and visualization of the spread of allergic rhinitis infection for the patients living with HIV/AIDS disease in adults. The results suggest that after a given number of days, most of the population under investigation becomes infected with allergic rhinitis, which displaces the virus. Results are computed and analyzed using MATLAB computer software.

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Section: Numerical Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Allergic Rhinitis Infections in Adults with HIV/AIDS Using Runge-Kutta Fourth Order Method in SIR Model

Bulinda

2024

JAMCS

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“…The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) HIV positivity; (2) presence of a lesion in the lungs; (3) age above 18 years; and (4) a definite or possible diagnosis of PC. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) other concomitant underlying diseases compromising immunity; (2) unclear CT scan findings or not meeting the diagnostic requirements; and (3) non-standard HAART.…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CD4-positive T lymphocyte cell count and HIV viral load are known to directly reflect the immune status and serve as indicators in evalu-ating the progression of AIDS. Besides, they are recognized as important parameters to monitor the occurrence of opportunistic infections and morbidities of patients (1)(2)(3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between CD4 Cell Count, HIV Viral Load, and Chest CT Findings of AIDS-associated Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

et al. 2022

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Background: The computed tomography (CT) features of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) are correlated with the viral load of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An increase in CD4-positive T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count in peripheral blood after a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reflect the morphological changes of lung lesions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between CT features and HIV viral load and to determine a cut-off value for CD4 cell count increment to investigate the prognosis of PC. It also aimed to examine the morphology of PC lesions and their prognosis following HAART. Methods: Sixty-two patients with AIDS-associated PC, confirmed by pathology or follow-up, were enrolled in this study. The CT findings were recorded and classified as nodular, cavitary, and consolidation groups and their subtypes. Forty HIV patients who had undergone HAART were screened in this study, and the outcomes of lung lesions were recorded in a follow-up of 3 - 6 months. The participants were divided into improvement and progression groups. The correlation analysis and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to examine the correlation between CT morphology and HIV viral load and to determine the cut-off value for CD4 cell count increment. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-observer agreement was also calculated. Results: In the nodular group, patients with miliary nodules had the highest HIV viral load in peripheral blood (miliary nodules vs. solitary nodules, P = 0.009; miliary nodules vs. multiple nodules; P = 0.024). In the cavitary group, thick-walled cavity lesions had a higher HIV viral load than thin-walled cavity lesions (thin-walled vs. thick-walled cavity lesions, P = 0.036). Changes in the morphology of lesions, indicating the progression or improvement of PC, had a positive correlation with the CD4 cell count increment (F = 4.260, P = 0.045). The cut-off value for CD4 cell count increment to differentiate the two outcomes (progression and improvement) was 44/µL. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.851, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were estimated at 0.815, 0.714, and 0.764, respectively. Conclusion: In AIDS-associated PC, different types of lesions were related to the HIV viral load, and CD4 cell count increment following HAART was associated with the morphological changes of lesions. This finding can be helpful for clinicians and radiologists to make an accurate diagnosis and evaluate the treatment outcomes, as well as disease progression.

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Analysis of transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) genes polymorphisms with HIV-1 infection

et al. 2019

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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role in modulating immune response. HLA class I molecules present antigenic peptides to CD8 + T cells and thereby play a role in the immune surveillance of cells infected with viruses. TAP1 and TAP2 are MHC-II-encoded genes necessary for the generation of a cellular immune response and polymorphism of these genes can influence the specificity of peptides preferentially presented by the MHC class I molecules and the outcome of the immune response. Several studies implicated genetic variation in TAP genes to various immune-mediated and infectious diseases. To determine the correlation between HIV-1 infection and the TAP1 and TAP2 genes polymorphisms, we performed PCR-RFLP assay of these genes in 500 HIV-1 seropositives and the matched seronegative individuals. Statistical analysis of the data disclosed no correlation between TAP1 (C/T intron 7) gene polymorphism and HIV-1/AIDS disease. However, the current results demonstrated that the heterozygous A/G [OR (95% CI) 1.39 (1.06-1.83), P = 0.0171] and homozygous G/G [OR (95% CI) 3.38(1.56-7.46), P = 0.0010] variants of TAP2 (A/G exon 11) (T665A) gene are positively associated with an increased risk of HIV-1/AIDS infection. This case-control analysis might suggest a possible role of TAP2 (A/G exon 11) (T665A) gene in the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease outcome among North Indian patients.

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Factors influencing the natural history of HIV-1 infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Simulating Allergic Rhinitis Infections in Adults with HIV/AIDS Using Runge-Kutta Fourth Order Method in SIR Model

Simulating Allergic Rhinitis Infections in Adults with HIV/AIDS Using Runge-Kutta Fourth Order Method in SIR Model

Correlation Between CD4 Cell Count, HIV Viral Load, and Chest CT Findings of AIDS-associated Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

Analysis of transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) genes polymorphisms with HIV-1 infection

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