Factors influencing the measurement of the secretion rate of extracellular vesicles

Abstract

<p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles which encapsulate a variety of molecules. Numerous studies demonstrated EVs as signaling mediators of intercellular communication are heavily involved in physiological and pathological conditions....</p>

Cell-derived nanovesicles prepared by membrane extrusion are good substitutes for natural extracellular vesicles

“… 22 Typically, a single cell secretes only ~50 nEVs/min. 23 , 24 To harvest a sufficient amount of EVs, abundant cells and a long culture period are required, which makes applications unrealistic. To address or at least alleviate this technical issue, peers developed cell-derived nanovesicles (CNV) as drug delivery nanocarriers, which are derived from either autologous or allogenic cells.…”

High‐Yield Production of Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations with Constant Quality Using Batch‐Refeed Cultures

“…A better understanding of the productivity of sEVs and their specific subpopulations in different cell cultures is urgently required to optimize their production. [ 31 ]…”

Wnt Activity and Cell Proliferation Are Coupled to Extracellular Vesicle Release in Multiple Organoid Models

“…Most studies focusing on the intensity of EV release used only one model or classical 2D cell cultures that do not reflect the cellular heterogeneity. For example, drugs that interfere with cellular metabolism influenced EV release from cancer cell lines ( Wen et al, 2020 ), bystander T cells induced EV release from dendritic cells ( Lindenbergh et al, 2019 ), and hypoxia is an important inducer of EV release both in cancers and in non-neoplastic cells ( King et al, 2012 ; Kucharzewska et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ). However, organoids are considered as a superior method to model the cellular heterogeneity within the tissues of epithelial origin ( Sasaki and Clevers, 2018 ).…”