Factors Influencing the Long-term Corrosion of Bronze Artefacts in Soil

Nord, Anders G.; Mattsson, Einar; Tronner, Kate

doi:10.1007/s11124-005-0045-9

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nord et al [20,21] suggested an estimating factor to represent corrosion severity in archaeological copper alloy objects, named as the degree of deterioration (Fdet). They classified the objects in five groups regarding to the volume of corrosion occurred and observed in the cross section of copper alloy objects.…”

Section: Estimation Of Degree Of Deterioration (Fdet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the soil corrosivity is classified into four groups: non-corrosive (0-10), partially corrosive (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), corrosive (21-30) and severely corrosive (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Figure 5 shows the columnar diagram of soil corrosivity index of the soil samples analysed in two archaeological sites.…”

Section: Soil Corrosivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted in literature that water capacity of soil (including soil texture and soil moisture) and anions (soil composition) such as chloride are very important factors to make burial environment as corrosive media (e.g. [1,2,19,20,22]). Of course, many factors are considered as factors influencing the corrosivity of soil but chloride and moisture are noted as the main factors that also influence others in the soil.…”

Section: Soil Environment and Corrosion Of Archaeological Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it should be noted that although the dating of the two sites (and their soil deposit) differs about 600-700 years, but the time has no role in corrosion of archaeological metal objects and is not an effective factor in degree of deterioration in archaeological metals. It is observed that the thickness of patina formed on the surface of modern buried bronzes in soil is similar to archaeological buried bronzes [6,12,20]. Therefore, soil conditions are the most important factor influencing long-term corrosion of archaeological bronzes.…”

Section: Soil Environment and Corrosion Of Archaeological Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Studies on the effect of burial environments and soil conditions on corrosion of archaeological bronzes [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Oudbashi

2018

Herit Sci

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Characterization of soil corrosivity in archaeological sites is an important subject to understand the conservation conditions of archaeological bronze collections and helps conservators to prepare a conservation strategy for long term preservation of bronze objects. In this paper, a research approach is established to identify soil corrosivity in two archaeological sites and to find correlation between corrosion events and soil characterizations. Therefore, an analytical study was carried out to identify different factors of soil environment influencing corrosivity of the soil in two sites. Based on the results, measuring different factors such as chemical composition, pH, texture, soluble salts and water content and SOM displayed different soil environments in two archaeological sites. The results represent correlative relationship between corrosion mechanism and soil characteristics in these archaeological sites.

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Section: Estimation Of Degree Of Deterioration (Fdet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Corrosivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Environment and Corrosion Of Archaeological Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Environment and Corrosion Of Archaeological Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Studies on the effect of burial environments and soil conditions on corrosion of archaeological bronzes [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Oudbashi

2018

Herit Sci

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Characterization of two Roman coins from an archaeological site in Portugal

Mata

Salta

Neto

et al. 2010

Materials & Corrosion

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This paper reports a study carried out on two Roman coins found in the archaeological site of São Pedro, in Fronteira (Alentejo, Portugal). One coin was in a quite well preserved state, allowing its reading and historical identification, while the other was quite deteriorated and its reading difficult. The coins have been identified as: an Antoninianus of Galilenus (267-268 A.D.) and an AE 3 (337-340 A.D.) in which is impossible to identify the emperor. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) has given the following average composition:for the outer layers of the Antoninianus and of the AE 3, respectively. The exact substrate composition of the AE 3 could be determined: 84%Cu þ 10%Pb þ 2%Ag þ 2%Sn þ 2%Fe. The chemical composition found for the AE 3 is consistent with historical investigations, since silver-plated Cu-Pb-Sn alloys was the material used in the production of the AE 3. X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) has identified as possible crystalline compounds: a mixture of two silicates, namely the lead aluminium silicate, Pb 4 Al 4 Si 3 O 16 , and the lead copper silicate, Pb 8 Cu(Si 2 O 7 ) 3 , pyromorphite, Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, on the Antoninianus and only oxides, namely Cu 2 O, and iron oxides, Fe 2 O 3 and/Fe 3 O 4 , on the AE 3 outer layer. The chemical composition of the corrosion products is related with the soil composition, a sandy neutral soil, rich in P, Mn, Si, K, Fe and organic matter (9%). The hydrogeological context plays also its role on the formation of the corrosion products.

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Soil‐induced corrosion of ancient Roman brass – A case study

Papadopoulou

Vassiliou

Grassini

et al. 2015

Materials & Corrosion

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This work focuses on the study of the solid state processes on naturally corroded ancient brass artefact. The object, recovered from burial in the Tiber riverbed in Italy, has been characterised from a morphological, chemical and microstructural point of view. The artefact probably originates from a Roman brass coin or medal and the alloy substrate was identified as a leaded brass (85% copper, 12.8% zinc and 2.2% lead). A combination of XRF, SEM coupled with EDS spot analyses and elemental mapping, Raman spectroscopy and OM observations were employed in order to describe the corrosion processes that created the heterogeneous, multi-layer corrosion product stratification. The identification of copper sulphide layers and the precipitation of some, rarely reported, basic copper and zinc phosphates are among the most important findings of this work. Two phases of anaerobic and aerobic corrosion emerged from the analyses. The object has undergone dezincification at early stages and decuprification later on. However, the most crucial action was the environmental elements activity, which determined the corrosion rate and the nature of the corrosion product layers. The results are critically discussed and correlated with the environmental conditions of the burial context. The study is supported by an extensive literature review.

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Factors Influencing the Long-term Corrosion of Bronze Artefacts in Soil

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Characterization of two Roman coins from an archaeological site in Portugal

Soil‐induced corrosion of ancient Roman brass – A case study

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