Factors influencing the initiation of blooms of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and the diatom Skeletonema costatum in a port in Japan

Shikata, Tomoyuki; Nagasoe, Sou; Matsubara, Terutake; Yoshikawa, Shigetaka; Yamasaki, Yasuhiro; Shimasaki, Yohei; Oshima, Yuji; Jenkinson, Ian R.; Honjo, Tasuku

doi:10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2503

Cited by 91 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition to the traditional concept of allelopathy between phytoplankton species, APPCs produced by H. akashiwo may have another role. Shikata et al (2008) reported that the density of H. akashiwo cysts in the bottom sediment of the Hakozaki Fishing Port sharply increased from the time of the peak to the decline phase of a bloom in the water. Thus, APPCs may not only contribute to growth competition with other species during the late exponential phase of the bloom as reported by Pratt (1966), Honjo et al (1978), and Honjo and Tabata (1985), but also contribute to maintenance of monospecific H. akashiwo blooms through inhibitory effects on competitors.…”

Section: Final Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular polysaccharide-protein complexes of a harmful alga mediate the allelopathic control it exerts within the phytoplankton community

et al. 2009

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The goal of this study was to examine the significance of allelopathy by the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo in a multispecies phytoplankton community in the field. Towards this aim, we sought allelochemicals of H. akashiwo, which had allelopathic effect both in laboratory experiments and in the field. As an initial step, we showed that the allelopathic effects of H. akashiwo filtrate were both species-specific and dependent upon the cell density of the target species. Secondly, we found for the first time that extracellular, high-molecular weight allelochemicals [that is, polysaccharideprotein complexes (APPCs)] were produced by a marine phytoplankton species, H. akashiwo. Thirdly, we indicated that the purified APPCs selectively inhibited the growth of the diatom Skeletonema costatum that is a major competitor of H. akashiwo, and thereby tended to promote the formation of monospecific H. akashiwo blooms. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of APPCs on the growth of the diatoms was determined by binding to the cell surface of the target species. Finally, we succeeded in the detection of APPCs in the field samples at concentrations exceeding their experimentally determined action threshold during the H. akashiwo bloom. Strategies for ecosystem control, including mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs), should take into account that red-tide organisms like H. akashiwo are already part of complex webs involving inter-specific allelopathic inhibition and ecosystem control during their dense blooms.

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Section: Final Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular polysaccharide-protein complexes of a harmful alga mediate the allelopathic control it exerts within the phytoplankton community

et al. 2009

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“…The southeastern area of the bay is closed off by a large breakwater. Our investigation was conducted in Hakozaki Fishing Port (33°37′30′′N, 130°25′90′′E; Shikata et al 2008; water depth 2.5-4.5 m), which is located inside the breakwater in the southeastern area of the bay.…”

Section: Field Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hakata Bay, Japan, is a small, shallow bay (Shikata et al, 2008; east-west 20 km, north-south 10 km; maximum depth 23 m; tidal range 2 m). The southeastern area of the bay is closed off by a large breakwater.…”

Section: Field Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, various environmental factors may influence competition between phytoplankton, and allelopathy and cell contact may also be involved (Rice, 1984;Uchida, 2001;Cembella, 2003;Legrand et al, 2003;Granéli and Hansen, 2006). Hada ex Hara et Chihara) (Smayda, 1998;Heil et al, 2005;Shikata et al, 2008). It is also well known that the two flagellates, P. minimum (Heil et al, 2005) and H. akashiwo (Smayda, 1998), are HAB species, and that S. costatum is a major competitor of these flagellates (Pratt, 1966;Honjo et al, 1978;Honjo and Tabata, 1985;Yamasaki et al, 2007a;Tameishi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of interactions between Prorocentrum minimum and Heterosigma akashiwo in bloom formation

et al. 2010

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Keywords Allelopathy ・ Growth and interaction ・ Heterosigma akashiwo ・ Prorocentrum minimum・Reactive oxygen species・Skeletonema costatumThis manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere in identical or similar form, nor will it be during the first three months after its submission to Hydrobiologia. 3Abstract We examined the growth and interactions between the bloom-forming flagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Heterosigma akashiwo using bi-algal culture experiments. When both species were inoculated at high cell densities, growth of H. akashiwo was inhibited by P. minimum. In other combinations of inoculation densities, the species first reaching the stationary phase substantially suppressed maximum cell densities of the other species, but the growth inhibition effect of P. minimum was stronger than that of H. akashiwo. We used a mathematical model to simulate growth and interactions of P. minimum and H. akashiwo in bi-algal cultures.The model indicated that P. minimum always out-competed H. akashiwo over time.Additional experiments showed that crude extracts from P. minimum and H. akashiwo cultures did not affect the growth of either species, but both strongly inhibited the growth of the bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. Further experiments showed that it was unlikely that reactive oxygen species produced by H. akashiwo were responsible for the inhibition of P. minimum growth.4

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“…Reduction in estuarine primary production has been linked to the increase in water turbidity promoted by dredging (EWA-OBOHO et al, 2008) and differential sediment transport (CHEN et al, 2005). Resuspension of bottom sediments can also bring phytoplankton resting stages to the water column as vegetative cells (SHIKATA et al, 2008), leading to the development of blooms that may include red tide species (ANDERSON et al, 1983). Input of nutrient loads (CONLEY, 2000;DE JONGE et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability of chlorophyll-a in the São Vicente estuary

et al. 2012

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A B S T R A C TEstuaries are extremely dynamic environments that are vulnerable to anthropogenic alterations. Thus, monitoring phytoplankton abundances and composition is an essential tool for the prediction of eutrophication and its effects on coastal ecosystems. Phytoplankton biomass, as chlorophyll-a, in the São Vicente estuary (Brazil) varies in response to tidal cycles and seasonal rainfall. Objectives. To present two datasets designed to assess the relationship between chlorophyll-a and changes in water turbidity driven by tide and rain. Methods. Weekly observations were made in the shallow embayment (February to September 2008; site 1) and observations recorded on alternate days (summer 2010, site 2). Results. At site 1, turbidity differed between high and low tides, but on most days was over 3000 RU, maintaining moderate chlorophyll-a levels (4 mg.m -3 ) and only two blooms developed during low turbidity. Site 2 mean turbidity was 1500 RU, nutrient level was higher during neap tides and phytoplankton blooms were mainly observed at the end of neap tides at 15-day intervals, dominated by chain-forming diatoms and occasionally flagellates and pennate diatoms. Conclusions. Taxonomic composition of the blooms was different and their frequency altered by events characterized by intense freshwater discharges from the Henry Borden Hydroelectric Dam (> 9*106.m 3 ), inhibiting phytoplankton accumulation during neap tide periods. R E S U M OEstuários são ambientes dinâmicos e susceptíveis a alterações antropogênicas. Nesses ambientes, torna-se imprescindível monitoramento do fitoplâncton na previsão da eutrofização e de seus efeitos para o ecossistema. No estuário de São Vicente (Brasil) a biomassa fitoplanctônica, como clorofila-a, varia sazonalmente em resposta às chuvas e marés. O presente estudo visa apresentar dois programas de monitoramento para detectar florações fitoplanctônicas em relação a turbidez da água guiada pelas marés e chuvas. Métodos. As observações foram semanais na porção rasa (Fevereiro a Setembro de 2008; área 1) e observações em dias alternados no canal (verão de 2010; área 2). Os resultados mostram que a área 1, turbidez acima de 3000 RU manteve níveis de clorofila-a médios (4 mg.m -3 ) e duas florações ocorreram apenas em baixa turbidez, sendo esta diferente entre marés alta e baixa. Na área 2, a turbidez manteve-se entre 1500 RU, os nutrientes foram maiores durante as marés de quadratura, e as florações tiveram frequência de aproximadamente 15 dias, no final da quadratura, predominando diatomáceas em cadeia e eventualmente flagelados e diatomáceas penadas. A composição taxonômica variou entre florações e o padrão quinzenal foi significativamente alterado durante eventos com alta descarga de água doce oriundos da usina hidroelétrica Henry Borden (> 9*106.m 3 ) o que impediu o acúmulo de fitoplâncton no período das quadraturas.

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Factors influencing the initiation of blooms of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and the diatom Skeletonema costatum in a port in Japan

Cited by 91 publications

References 39 publications

Extracellular polysaccharide-protein complexes of a harmful alga mediate the allelopathic control it exerts within the phytoplankton community

Extracellular polysaccharide-protein complexes of a harmful alga mediate the allelopathic control it exerts within the phytoplankton community

The role of interactions between Prorocentrum minimum and Heterosigma akashiwo in bloom formation

Temporal variability of chlorophyll-a in the São Vicente estuary

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