Factors Influencing the Growth of Normal and Neoplastic Thyroid Tissue

Duh, Quan‐Yang; Clark, Orlo H.

doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44184-8

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Other factors that may prove to be useful in predicting tumor aggressiveness include uptake of radioactive iodine, adenylate cyclase re- sponse to TSH,I5 and expression of epidermal growth factor receptors. 34 We found that patients with recurrent disease and patients dying of thyroid cancer were significantly older and had larger tumors than those with good outcomes (Table 10). Our data concerning adenylate cyclase in patients with follicular thyroid cancer support our earlier report in differentiated thyroid cancers of follicular thyroid origin that an attenuated adenylate cyclase response to TSH is found in more aggressive tumors and thus is predictive of poorer patient o~t c o m e .…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma

Emerick

Duh

Siperstein

et al. 1993

Cancer

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160

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Background. There have been numerous studies concerning the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, but relatively few addressing patients with follicular carcinoma. Methods. The authors analyzed their experience with 65 patients who underwent 96 thyroid operations for pure follicular thyroid carcinoma from 1956 to 1990. Results. The patients were 43 women and 22 men with a mean age of 45 years who were followed postoperatively for a mean of 10.4 years. Fifty‐two patients (80%) were seen initially with a solitary thyroid nodule, and 24 (37%) had symptoms at presentation. Median tumor size was 2.2 cm. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 20 patients, revealing a follicular neoplasm in 18 patients (90%) and an inadequate specimen in 2 patients. Nineteen patients received thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐suppressive thyroid hormone therapy for an average of 4.5 months before surgery; tumor size remained the same in 10 patients (53%), increased in 5 (26%), and decreased in 2 (11%). At presentation, six patients had lymph node involvement, three had locally invasive tumors, and two had distant metastases. Initial operative treatment was lobectomy in 32 patients (49%), total thyroidectomy in 15 patients (23%), lobectomy plus contralateral partial or subtotal lobectomy in 11 patients (17%), and lesser procedures in 7 patients (11%). Twenty‐nine patients had a completion total thyroidectomy, so that final surgical treatment consisted of total thyroidectomy in 44 patients (68%). Among 39 patients having intraoperative frozen section, only 3(8%) were correctly diagnosed as having cancer. Permanent complications occurred during 3 of the 96 operations. Three patients (5%) have died of thyroid cancer (one with anaplastic transformation) since thyroidectomy, and two are living with distant metastatic disease. Conclusions. Patients with follicular thyroid cancer, when first examined, usually have solitary thyroid nodules that are follicular neoplasms by aspiration cytology, and these nodules fail to regress in response to TSH‐suppressive therapy. Frozen section rarely aids in management. The preferred treatment for follicular neoplasms is lobectomy followed by completion total thyroidectomy for histologically proven carcinomas larger than 1.0 cm. Total thyroidectomy allows use of thyroglobulin and radioiodine scanning to detect and treat metastatic disease. Complications of thyroidectomy were uncommon, and the mortality rate in treated patients was relatively low.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma

Emerick

Duh

Siperstein

et al. 1993

Cancer

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160

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“…EGF is known to have multiple effects on normal and neoplastic thyroid cells. EGF stimulates proliferation, suppresses differentiation and enhances migration of thyroid cells;25, 26, 27, 28 bFGF (FGF‐2) mRNA expression is elevated in thyroid carcinomas and bFGF has been discussed as a mitogen in thyrocytes promoting thyroidal angiogenesis and hyperplasia 29, 30, 31…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression, regulation and function of autotaxin in thyroid carcinomas

Kehlen

Englert

Seifert

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

111

102

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Key words: autotaxin; lysophospholipase D; thyroid carcinoma; motilityAutotaxin (ATX) is a 125 kDa glycoprotein that was originally isolated from the conditioned medium of human melanoma A2058 cells. ATX stimulates random and directed motility in a variety of tumor cell lines, including those from prostate and breast carcinomas, melanomas, neuroblastomas and renal-cell carcinoma. [1][2][3][4] Sequence analysis of ATX revealed significant homology to a family of cell surface type I phosphodiesterases, 5 and ATX has recently been newly classified as a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphate/phosphodiesterase family (E-NPP). Three structurally related mammalian E-NPPs are known, NPP1 (PC-1), NPP2 (ATX, PD-I␣) and NPP3 (gp130 RB 13-6 , PD-I␤, B10). Members of the E-NPP family are capable of hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleic acids and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. In addition, they can hydrolyze 3Ј,5Ј-cAMP to AMP, nucleoside 5Ј-triphosphates, such as ATP, to AMP and 2xP i , nucleoside 5Ј-diphosphates, such as ADP, to AMP and P i , or NAD ϩ to AMP and nicotinamide mononucleotide. 6 Recently, ATX (NPP-2) was also shown to hydrolyze lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). 7,8 Active phosphodiesterase, lyso-phospholipase D (lyso-PLD) and migration-stimulating activity of ATX depends on the presence of 4 defined amino acid residues, threonine 210 and histidines 316, 360 and 475, within the ATX molecule. 9 When comparing the substrate specificity of ATX with that of the related family members NPP1 and NPP3, only NPP2 displayed a lyso-PLD activity, whereas NPP1 and NPP3 had a much higher nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity. 10

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“…Numerous studies also have recognized the role of EGF as a potent thyroid mitogen (1)(2)(3). High-affinity EGF receptors were identified in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and transforming growth factor alpha-stimulated invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer cells can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and tyrosine kinase in vitro

Hölting¹,

Siperstein²,

Clark³

et al. 1995

European Journal of Endocrinology

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We have shown recently that epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhanced invasion and growth of differentiated thyroid cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study analyzed the effects of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) on invasion and growth of a follicular thyroid cancer cell line (FTC133) and whether blocking the EGF receptor by a monoclonal antibody (Mab528) or blocking the tyrosine kinase of the receptor by genistein abolished the EGF- and TFG-alpha-mediated effects. Growth and invasion (penetration of 8-microns pore polycarbonate membranes coated with Matrigel) were determined by the dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Epidermal growth factor (10 ng/l) stimulated invasion of FTC133 by 42% and TGF-alpha (10 ng/l) stimulated invasion of FTC133 by 27% (p < 0.02). Both growth factors also enhanced growth by 62% (EGF) and 30% (TGF-alpha) (p < 0.003). Epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies (1 microgram/ml) abolished EGF-mediated stimulation of invasion and growth completely and that of TGF-alpha by 93%. At 100 ng/ml genistein reversed EGF and TGF-alpha stimulation, and at 1 microgram/ml it inhibited invasion (27%) and growth (40%) of unstimulated FTC133 (p < 0.02). We conclude that TGF-alpha stimulates invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer by binding to the EGF receptors, that EGF- and TGF-alpha-mediated effects can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and to tyrosine kinase, and that genistein not only neutralized EGF and TGF-alpha effects but also inhibited invasion and growth of unstimulated FTC133.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Factors Influencing the Growth of Normal and Neoplastic Thyroid Tissue

Cited by 20 publications

References 103 publications

Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma

Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma

Expression, regulation and function of autotaxin in thyroid carcinomas

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and transforming growth factor alpha-stimulated invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer cells can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and tyrosine kinase in vitro

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