Factors influencing the formation of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles in dependence on the presence of the metabolic syndrome and on the degree of glucose intolerance

Julius, Ulrich; Dittrich, Mary; Pietzsch, Jens

doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01507.x

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Using a different and more detailed methodology we here confirmed that small, dense LDL were reduced in our subjects with the metabolic syndrome and further showed that such reduction was confined in the LDL-IIIA, -IIIB and IVB subclasses. Previous studies suggested a central role of triglycerides in determining such levels of small, dense LDL [17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies [17][18][19] also suggested that small, dense LDL may represent a valuable marker for diagnosis and severity of the metabolic syndrome. Using the Lipoprint system Gazi et al [17] showed that subjects with the metabolic syndrome exhibit significantly higher concentrations of small, dense LDL than individuals who do not fulfill the criteria for such syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies [17][18][19] further suggested that small, dense LDL may represent a valuable marker for diagnosis and severity of the metabolic syndrome but its predictive role still remains to be established. Therefore, we performed a 2-year follow-up study to assess potential clinical and biochemical predictors of cerebro-and cardio-vascular events in a group of subjects with the metabolic syndrome without overt coronary artery disease (CAD); particularly, we aimed to assess in such patients the potential predictive role of small, dense LDL, beyond that of traditional established cardiovascular risk factors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

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Pernice

Frasheri

et al. 2009

Clinical Endocrinology

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Summary Objective Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are a feature of the metabolic syndrome (MS) but their predictive role still remains to be established. We performed a 2‐year follow‐up study in 124 subjects with MS (63 ± 6 years), as defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute guidelines, to assess clinical and biochemical predictors of cerebro‐ and cardio‐vascular events. Methods and results Beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, we measured LDL size and subclasses by gradient gel electrophoresis. Clinical events were registered in the 25% of subjects. At univariate analysis subjects with events had increased prevalence of elevated fasting glucose (P = 0·0117), smoking (P = 0·0015), family history of coronary artery disease (P = 0·0033) and higher levels of total‐ and LDL‐cholesterol (P = 0·0027 and P = 0·0023, respectively); LDL size was lower (P < 0·0001), due to reduced larger subclasses and increased small, dense LDL (all P < 0·0001). At multivariate analysis the following were independent predictors of events (univariate odd ratios were calculated): low HDL‐cholesterol (OR 15·4, P = 0·0238), elevated fasting glucose (OR 12·1, P = 0·0102), elevated small, dense LDL (OR 11·7, P = 0·0004), elevated blood pressure (OR 9·2, P = 0·0392), smoking (OR 4·8, P = 0·0054). Conclusions This is the first study that assessed the predictive role of small, dense LDL beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Rizzo

Pernice

Frasheri

et al. 2009

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Nos indivíduos com intolerância à glicose, o perfil lipídico geralmente encontra-se alterado e é caracterizado por aumento na concentração de VLDL (hipertrigliceridemia) e de apo B, baixas concentrações de HDL-C e, apesar do LDL-C ser normal ou discretamente elevado, há presença de LDL pequena e densa (FONTBONNE et al, 1989;GINSBERG, 1991;PIETZSCH et al, 1999b;TASKINEN, 2002;JULIUS et al, 2007a).…”

Section: A Importância Da Dislipidemia No Diabetes Mellitus E Na Intounclassified

“…O aumento na produção de VLDL 1 também contribui com a formação da LDL pequena e densa. A VLDL 1 é uma subclasse de VLDL maior e mais rica em triglicérides a qual, associada com a diminuição da ação da LLP no processo lipolítico, gera a fração de LDL pequena e densa enriquecida de triglicérides via CETP (PIETZSCH et al, 1999a;TASKINEN, 2002;PIETZSCH e FUECKER, 2003;ADIELS et al, 2005;JULIUS et al, 2007a).…”

Section: A Importância Da Dislipidemia No Diabetes Mellitus E Na Intounclassified

Cinética plasmática do colesterol livre e do colesterol esterificado e transferência in vitro de lípides para a HDL, utilizando uma nanoemulsão lipídica artificial, em indivíduos com intolerância à glicose

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Aos pacientes, pela confiança em gentilmente colaborar e tornar possível este estudo.Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Lerario, por me aceitar como aluna e pela confiança que depositou em mim. Obrigada por me ensinar o complexo mundo do diabetes mellitus, pelos ensinamentos e conselhos profissionais e pessoais. A você, meu respeito e admiração pela pessoa que é e pelo seu profissionalismo.Ao Prof. Dr. Raul Cavalcante Maranhão, pela co-orientação e pela oportunidade de iniciar no fascinante mundo da pesquisa. Obrigada por me receber em seu laboratório e me mostrar o complexo mundo dos lípides. Agradeço pelo esforço incansável em ensinar a seus alunos a difícil arte de fazer pesquisa.

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The therapeutic modulation of atherogenic dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in the metabolic syndrome: what is the clinical relevance?

et al. 2008

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The metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of clinical and biochemical risk factors that cluster together and heighten the risk for atherogenesis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Established risk cardiovascular factors like hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and glucose intolerance occur in the setting of insulin resistance and central adiposity, with genetic and environmental influences modulating the ultimate risk. Chronic insults to the endothelium take its toll in the form of silent as well as clinically evident cardiovascular events. The cellular and vascular accompaniments have shed some light into the underlying pathophysiology. Heightened, low-grade inflammatory processes as well as a continuum of vascular insults ranging from early endothelial derangements to advanced atherosclerosis have been examined. In recent years there has been an explosion of basic and clinical knowledge related to the metabolic syndrome. Although dyslipidaemia is considered a traditional risk component for the syndrome, its qualitative aspects, genetically determined subfractions, and variation in proatherogenic tendency have generated renewed interest and debate. New targets within the dyslipidaemic spectrum that have differing clinical relevance are being evaluated. The effect of heredity, lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapeutic agents, and supplements is being investigated. Further research into the impact of dyslipidemia and inflammation as both pathophysiologic risk factors and objects for targeted therapy in the metabolic syndrome should deepen our understanding and unravel answers to the underlying dynamics in this global epidemic.

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Factors influencing the formation of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles in dependence on the presence of the metabolic syndrome and on the degree of glucose intolerance

Abstract: Our data point to different mechanisms of the formation of small dense LDL particles in dependence on the degree of glucose intolerance. Moreover, the target values for plasma TG should be set lower.

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Cinética plasmática do colesterol livre e do colesterol esterificado e transferência in vitro de lípides para a HDL, utilizando uma nanoemulsão lipídica artificial, em indivíduos com intolerância à glicose

The therapeutic modulation of atherogenic dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in the metabolic syndrome: what is the clinical relevance?

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