Factors Influencing the Distribution of Bees' Nests in Earth Banks

Michener, Charles D.; Lange, Rudolf B.; Bigarella, João José; Salamuni, Riad

doi:10.2307/1931865

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Within-site characteristics, such as exposed bare ground (Potts et al, 2005), litter cover (Grundel et al, 2010), soil compaction (Wuellner, 1999), sloping ground (Burkle & Alarcon, 2011), and number of potential nesting cavities (cracks or holes in the ground; Potts et al, 2005), have been correlated to native bee community structure, but they have not been explicitly linked to within-site nesting incidence. Additionally, the distribution of nesting resources within a site may influence the distribution of within-site nesting, particularly if species have strong nesting preferences (Michener, Lange, Bigarella, & Salamuni, 1958;Potts & Willmer, 1997;Wcislo, 1996;Wuellner, 1999). Habitats may not be uniform in their ability to support populations of nesting bees (Grundel et al, 2010), however, models increasingly use nesting proxies and expert opinion regarding nesting suitability of land cover types to predict bee abundance in agricultural landscapes (Lonsdorf, Kremen, Ricketts, Winfree, & Williams, 2009;Kennedy et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating nesting microhabitat for ground-nesting bees using emergence traps

Sardiñas

Kremen

2014

Basic and Applied Ecology

112

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Nesting resources structure native bee communities and the availability of suitable nests may enhance population abundance and persistence. Nesting rates of ground-nesting bees have proven challenging to assess due to a lack of standardized methods. We quantified the abundance of ground-nesting native bees using emergence traps over a seven-month study period. We then compared specimens captured in emergence traps with pan-and net-collected specimens. We hypothesized that ground-nesting bees would be highly similar to bees found foraging within our study site. However, the species assemblage of ground-nesting bees collected from emergence traps was significantly dissimilar from the assemblages collected with aerial nets and pan traps, indicating different sampling methods target different components of the species assemblage. We then examined the importance of nesting resources found at each emergence trap on the abundance of ground-nesting bees collected from emergence traps. Quantification of potential nesting resources, such as percent bare soil, has been proposed as a proxy of nesting habitat for ground-nesting guilds. Sloped ground and soil compaction were the most predictive nesting resources at the community-level. Further, spatial distribution of nesting resources within the study landscape also affected nesting rates, although this varied by species. Bees occurred in 85% of emergence traps, with sampling date strongly affecting the number of bees collected. Emergence traps provide a useful method of sampling the ground-nesting native bee community and investigating nesting incidence. ZusammenfassungNistgelegenheiten strukturieren Bienengemeinschaften, und die Verfügbarkeit von geeigneten Nestern kann die Abundanz und Persistenz von Populationen befördern. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Brutzahlen von bodennistenden Bienen schwer zu bestimmen sind, da standardisierte Methoden fehlen. Wir quantifizierten die Abundanz von bodennistenden Bienen, indem wir Schlüpffallen während einer 7-monatigen Untersuchungsperiode einsetzten. Wir verglichen dann die mit Schlüpffallen gefangenen Individuen mit Farbschalen-und Streifnetzfängen. Wir postulierten, dass die bodennistenden Bienen den Bienen, die wir auf unserer Untersuchungsfläche sammelnd antrafen, sehr ähnlich sein würden. Indessen unterschied sich die Artengemeinschaft der bodennistenden Bienen aus Schlüpffallen signifikant von den mit den beiden anderen Methoden erhaltenen Gemeinschaften, was anzeigt, dass unterschiedliche Sammelmethoden unterschiedliche Ausschnitte der Artengemeinschaft erfassen. Wir untersuchten dann die Bedeutung von Nestressourcen, die von den einzelnen Schlüpffallen erfasst wurden, für die Abundanz der mit Schlüpffallen gefangenen bodennistenden Bienen. Quantifizierungen von potentiellen Nestressourcen,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating nesting microhabitat for ground-nesting bees using emergence traps

Sardiñas

Kremen

2014

Basic and Applied Ecology

112

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“…The absence of most of these is understandable, as their larvae live as (semi-)aquatic filterfeeders, as predators of aphids in trees, or in mouldered wood or dung (Rotheray 1993). For many Apidae species efficient winter sampling is complicated as nesting and therefore overwintering is highly clustered (Michener et al 1958;Batra 1978;Rosenheim 1990;Westrich 1990). Another complication for some species is their use of so called partial habitats, which is particularly well described for bees (Westrich 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful overwintering of arthropods in roadside verges

2011

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In densely populated areas, roadside verges often provide the last semi-natural habitats available. Their ecological value is often stressed by bio survey results. Yet insect summer surveys potentially misjudge the value of a biotope (roadside or otherwise) since the occurrences of species may only be seasonal, or even transient. To effectively ascertain the importance of a site for insects, species must be shown to complete their life cycle there or at least be shown to successfully accomplish critical life stages, such as reproduction or overwintering. To confirm overwintering of arthropods in roadsides, sods were cut in late winter in a verge where several years of summer survey data were available. The sods were placed in transparent semi-permeable cages and kept alive during subsequent spring, summer and autumn. All emerging arthropods were caught inside the cages using pitfall and funnel traps and identified to order or family level. Most of the terrestrial arthropod phyla and orders occurring in NW-Europe appeared to be represented. Several groups were further identified to the species level: Carabidae (Coleoptera), Curculionidae (Coleoptera), Araneae, Orthoptera, Apidae (Hymenoptera), Syrphidae (Diptera) and Dephacidae/Cercopidae (Hemiptera). Particularly for the Carabidae, Araneae and Curculionidae, many species recorded in summer were also found to overwinter; species overlap amounted to approximately 67%. Rarefaction of the summer sample or excluding possible summer vagrants, raised this overlap to as much as 88% for the Carabidae. Many of the species successfully overwintering in the roadside verge were generalists, but less common, more stenotopic species were present as well. Not only species hibernating as adults were involved, but also species overwintering in immature stages, indicating reproduction also takes place in the roadside verge. Apparently the roadside occurrence of many arthropod species, including stenotopic and declining ones, is not merely seasonal or incidental, and roadside verges do not necessarily act as a sink only. The ecological importance often attributed to roadside verges should clearly be taken seriously.

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“…During fieldwork I came across interesting items to investigate, such as nests, nest sites, and floral relationships. Taking advantage of such findings resulted in various papers not closely related to my general research plans (24,25,29,49,55). Moreover, one of the best advantages of travel was the opportunity to work with foreign bee specialists, e.g., Padre Jesus S. Moure in Brazil, and often to coauthor papers with them (49,51,56).…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • the Professional Development Of An Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking advantage of such findings resulted in various papers not closely related to my general research plans (24,25,29,49,55). Moreover, one of the best advantages of travel was the opportunity to work with foreign bee specialists, e.g., Padre Jesus S. Moure in Brazil, and often to coauthor papers with them (49,51,56). Other papers that did relate to the plans for a worldwide systematic treatment were studies of cleptoparasitic and socially parasitic bees (unrelated forms, often convergent; 30,35) and of fossil bees (47).…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • the Professional Development Of An Ementioning

confidence: 99%