Factors influencing the choice of private or public schools: Evidence from Georgia

Abstract

The existence and development of public schools is influenced by a plethora of factors. Through the creation of education policies, any state education system is striving to accomplish specific goals. Both informal and formal private schooling is taking the lead in all cultures and societies. Unmistakably, the distinction between private and public schools is evident. However, given the different circumstances, choosing the best alternative for a child is regularly a fervently discussed topic among parents. There is no universal answer to the question whether private schools are actually better than or superior to the public schools. Our research aimed to describe the school choice process, it focuses on unveiling the factors and their interrelation while the parent choosing between two types of schools—private and public. First of all, the research aims to describe the parent’s perception of achieving success at school, what is the base for such belief, what the sentence—“School—base of future success” actually mean. How important is so called social index? The significance of the reputation and prestige of the educational institution during school choice process—as a guarantee for future success. The key questions for the research were as follows: (1) How interested the parents are to be actively involved in school choice process and spend certain period of time for that? (2) What factors are considered by the parents during school choice and what is the source they receive information from? (3) Does the family’s socioeconomic condition and the kids gender have influence on the process? It’s worth mentioning that, generally the research results fully coincide with the school choice theory arguments and the research findings conducted in the similar field. All these are described and presented in the first part of the article. The probabilities listed on the base of the current data, that the information source, the parent’s information level, the parents’ engagement as well as the family’s socioeconomic and demographic status play integral role in the school choice process appeared to be genuine. Apparently, the parents are much interested to provide perfect future for their kids, though socioeconomic conditions, environment, poor educational system limits their choice. Once our results compared to the existing literature and theory, one can see that our study conducted in Georgia follows the trends of the developed countries, known as the “Heyneman-Loxley effect.”

Determinants of Parental School Choice: A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…Parental education was taken as the most important factor in parental school choice. Parents are taken as the first and most decisions makers in the education of children and when parents' education levels become high their decisions become reasonable in choosing schools for their children (Chaturvedi, 2021;Ghosh & Dey, 2020;Hossain, Ahamed, & Jahan, 2017;Siddiqui, 2017;Tarkhnishvili, Tarkhnishvili, & Strielkowski, 2022).…”

“…Private school' students' have better education. The study shows that school choice is much linked to the parent's education When the private school student's parents have higher education (compared with the public school students' parents), the chance of sending their kids to a private school in the future is inevitably high (Tarkhnishvili, Tarkhnishvili, & Strielkowski, 2022).…”

“…Parent income is one of the most significant factors in choosing students' schools. When the income of parents becomes high there is an intention to choose private schools and when the income is low parents choose more on public schools (Bedaso &Shobisso, 2020;Charbaji, Sellami & Al Qassass, 2019;Hossain, Shohel, & Jahan, 2017;Tarkhnishvili, Tarkhnishvili, & Strielkowski, 2022).…”

“…Georgia Private school students' parents have better income. When the private school students' parents have a higher income (compared with the public school students' parents), the chance of sending their kids to a private school in the future is inevitably high (Tarkhnishvili, Tarkhnishvili, & Strielkowski, 2022). Parent income is a determinant of school choice in Bangladesh (Hossain, Shohel, & Jahan, 2017).…”

“…The education quality of the school is considered a vital school-related factor for parental school choice (Ahmed & Jahan,2020; Asanjarani, Alkash 'an & Keshavarz, 2021;Bedaso & Shobisso,2020;Grosset al, 2015;Tanvir, Ahamed & Jahan, 2017;Tarkhnishvili & Strielkowski, 2022). Parents look and research the quality of education before deciding on their children's school.…”