Factors influencing the adoption of public–private partnership in low-cost housing development in Myanmar

Abstract

Purpose To provide low-cost housing, the Myanmar Government is attempting to use public–private partnership (PPP) to attract private investors. However, there is little information concerning the influencing factors for implementing PPP low-cost housing projects in Myanmar. This paper, therefore, aims to identify and analyse these factors. Design/methodology/approach A total of 51 in-depth interviews were conducted with interviewees involved in various kinds of housing projects implemented through the adoption of PPP or other approaches. The methods of data collection and the analysis are based on grounded theory (GT) methodology. Findings Using the GT method to analyse the interviews, five categories emerged from 50 influencing factors regarding the establishment and implementation of the PPP model for low-cost housing in Myanmar: provision of incentives; obstacles in implementing PPP for all stakeholders; barriers to private sector participation; public sector responsibilities and challenges; and attraction factors and challenges for financial institutions. Among 12 newly found factors, the three most important for PPP low-cost housing in Myanmar are the availability of project funding, the resolution of land-acquisition issues and the development of a sound financing system. Research limitations/implications Our findings strengthen previous studies by identifying factors affecting PPP low-cost housing either specific to Myanmar or common among other countries. Of the 50 factors identified, 38 factors were found in previous studies, but 12 are likely specific to Myanmar. Practical implications Our findings can be used by governments, particularly the Myanmar Government, and financial agencies to understand the low attractiveness of PPP low-cost housing for investors and to develop/improve policies to stimulate PPP low-cost housing, especially in Myanmar. Originality/value Many previous studies have been undertaken to identify factors that influence the implementation of PPP for low-cost housing. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no prior studies specific to Myanmar in this context.

Effects of Stakeholder’s Management in Public Private Partnership on Implementation of Affordable Housing Projects in Meru County, Kenya

“…According to his findings, 63% of respondents believe the government should create an enabling environment for private sector participation and 65% believe the public and private sectors should collaborate on housing supply. Others, such as [16,17] (Olanrele, 2018), are geared for experts with considerable experience delivering PPP housing [18]. Kenya's housing crisis began in the 1980s, when the government abandoned the majority of its World Bank-financed housing projects [13].…”

“…According to Bao et al [16] housing affordability indices frequently assume that low-income households are unable to fund other living expenses adequately when housing costs reach 30% of family gross income. The genuineness of this figure is questioned [8].…”

Public-private partnership in Russia: Problems of regional development

“…The implementation of PPPs in Australia is the subject of English (2005); the peculiarities of implementation of PPP in the health system of Greece is considered Biginas and Sindakis (2015); the role of the state in the formation and development of social infrastructure of Kazakhstan is studied by Yessengeldina et al (2014); PPP as a new way for national development of Ghana is determined in works of Zaato and Ohemeng (2016). Nyein and Hadikusumo (2021) based on in-depth interviews, highlight the factors influencing the implementation of PPP projects in the housing sector in Myanmar (Nyein and Hadikusumo, 2021). In India, PPPs are predominantly used in municipal solid waste management projects (Dolla and Laishram, 2021).…”