Factors influencing territorial occupancy and reproductive output in the Booted Eagle <i>Hieraaetus pennatus</i>

Martínez, José Antonio; Pagán, Iluminada; Calvo, José F.

doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2006.00586.x

Cited by 28 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Many studies that focus on territory selection and occupation dynamics have used raptors as models, including both forest (Sergio and Newton 2003;Martínez et al 2006a) and cliff-nesting species (Carrete et al 2005;López-López et al 2006;Martínez et al 2008a;Martin et al 2009a). Raptors are particularly well suited to this type of study because most are territorial, live a long time, and show great fidelity to their breeding areas (Krüger 2002a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial occupancy dynamics in a forest raptor community

2010

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A Markovian modeling approach was used to explore territorial interactions among three forest raptors coexisting in a forested natural area in southeast Spain: the booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) and the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Using field data collected over a period of 12 years, 11 annual transition matrices were built, considering four occupancy states for each territory. The model describes transitional processes (colonization, abandonment, replacement and persistence), permits temporal variations in the transition matrix to be tested, and simulates territorial occupation for a few subsequent years. Parameters for the species and community dynamics were described in terms of turnover times and damping ratio. A perturbation analysis was performed to simulate the effects of changes in the transition probabilities on the stable state distribution. Our results indicate the existence of a stable community, largely dominated by the booted eagles, and described by a time-invariant transition matrix. Despite the stability observed, the territorial system is highly dynamic, with frequent abandonment and colonization events, although interspecific territorial interactions (the replacement of one species by another) are uncommon. Consequently, the three species appear to follow relatively independent occupancy dynamics. Simulation of potential management actions showed that substantial increases in the number of territories occupied by the less common species (goshawk and buzzard) can only be attained if relatively large increases in their reoccupation and colonization rates are considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial occupancy dynamics in a forest raptor community

2010

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“…Booted Eagles are long-lived territorial philopatric species that need to establish and defend their territories just after arriving in Europe from spring migration (Jiménez-Franco et al 2013). Therefore, it is likely that they must restrict their movements in order to defend their territories against intruders, thus avoiding potential intra-specific competition (Martínez et al 2006). Interestingly, our results showed that Booted Eagles perform long distance movements (i.e., [20 km) from the nest throughout the breeding season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Martínez et al 2006;Pagán et al 2009;Jiménez-Franco 2014), habitat selection (e.g. Sánchez-Zapata and Calvo 1999;Suárez et al 2000;Bosch et al 2005;Barrientos and Arroyo 2014) and diet (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) taking into account that the Booted Eagle is a territorial species and thus needs to defend its nest against potential competitors (Martínez et al 2006;Jiménez-Franco 2014), does home range size and/or territory shape (i.e., topology of the territory) vary across different stages of the breeding season? ; (2) considering breeding needs in relation to chick guarding (Newton 1979), is there any difference between sexes in relation to distance to nest site and distance covered within 1 h over the breeding season?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial ecology and habitat use of adult Booted Eagles (Aquila pennata) during the breeding season: implications for conservation

et al. 2016

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Fast-moving technological advances, such as satellite tracking technologies, are providing in-depth information of aspects of avian ecology hitherto unknown. In fact, detailed information about movement ecology and ranging behaviour of birds is important not only from the perspective of the basic ecology, but also from the conservation point of view. This is particularly important in European countries where agricultural intensification, land abandonment and the withdrawal of traditional management agro-forestry practices pose a threat to biodiversity. The Booted Eagle, likewise other forest raptors, is an adequate bioindicator of human-dominated agro-forestry Mediterranean landscapes in which low-intensity traditional agricultural practices still persist. Here, using a combination of an unbiased technology (i.e., GPS telemetry), a wide geographic extension of marked birds (all over Spain), and much larger sample size than in previous works, we provide the first quantitative assessment of the home range size and space use of the Booted Eagle by means of GPS satellite telemetry during the breeding season. Interestingly, our results revealed different levels of space use over the breeding season and showed that eagles perform long distance foraging movements (i.e., [20 km) from the nest throughout the breeding season. This resulted in larger home ranges than reported thus far, and, more interestingly, in an extremely eccentric topology of territories. Hence, management measures for conservation of forest raptors based on setting restrictions around nesting sites using buffer areas of arbitrary radii clearly results in large areas of eagles' home ranges laying outside ''restriction'' areas. Therefore, conservation measures should take into account the full range of agro-forestry habitats encompassed within the home range. Finally, our results support the claim that a large-scale management approach beyond the establishment of a closed network of protected areas such as the Natura 2000 network is necessary for the conservation of Mediterranean raptors.

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“…One month after arrival, the female normally lays two eggs (sometimes one and occasionally three), which hatch after 37-40 days of incubation. Booted Eagles nest in trees in forests mixed with open areas, often in open woodland (Sánchez-Zapata & Calvo 1999, Suárez-Seoane et al 2000, and use sites that differ in suitability (Martínez et al 2006). The species feeds on a broad range of prey (Martínez et al 2004, Martínez & Calvo 2005, although the European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is probably its main prey item (Veiga 1986).…”

Section: Me T Ho D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of brood reduction in Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus through habitat heterogeneity

Casado¹,

Suárez‐Seoane²,

Lamelin³

et al. 2008

Ibis

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Brood reduction, the death of one or more chicks through siblicide or starvation, can occur through density-dependence in fecundity. Brood reduction may arise in territorial breeding systems either as a response to a high level of territorial interference in a situation of high density or as a result of habitat heterogeneity. To test the predictions of the two main hypotheses that attempt to explain how density-dependent fecundity is generated, the Habitat Heterogeneity Hypothesis (HHH) and the Individual Adjustment Hypothesis (IAH), we analysed the relationship between density and fecundity in an expanding population of Booted Eagles in Doñana National Park, Spain, using an 18-year data series. We also studied the occurrence and frequency of brood reduction in the same Booted Eagle population to appreciate further its effects and the factors that influence its occurrence and frequency. Our results support the HHH in the present situation of high density, as fecundity in the better territories (older and more frequently occupied) was higher than in low quality territories and was not affected by population density in high density periods. Nevertheless, the fecundity of high quality territories was affected (although not significantly) by population density in periods of low density, suggesting that the IAH was supported when only high quality territories were occupied. Older territories were used more frequently and chicks in these areas hatched earlier and suffered lower mortality than in new territories. We found a significant negative relationship between mean fecundity and its skewness, a finding that also supports HHH. During years of food shortage, less frequently occupied territories suffered higher rates of brood reduction. Brood reduction in this Booted Eagle population was a consequence of the heterogeneous structure of the habitat, with some territories having a higher probability of brood reduction than others. Parental nutritional condition did not affect brood reduction. The effect of brood reduction on nestling quality and population dynamics is also discussed.

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Factors influencing territorial occupancy and reproductive output in the Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Territorial occupancy dynamics in a forest raptor community

Territorial occupancy dynamics in a forest raptor community

Spatial ecology and habitat use of adult Booted Eagles (Aquila pennata) during the breeding season: implications for conservation

The regulation of brood reduction in Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus through habitat heterogeneity

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