Factors Influencing Persistence and Depletion in Buried Seed Populations. II. The Effects of Soil Temperature and Moisture<sup>1</sup>

Schafer, David E.; Chilcote, David O.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1970.0011183x001000040007x

Cited by 69 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…If these dispersed seeds in the upper layers were transient, then there must be both continual addition andloss (Keeley 1977),includingpredation (Kjellson 1985;Wellington & Noble 1985), germination followed by unsuccessful establishment, and loss of viability with time (Schafer & Chilcote 1970;Weiss 1984). At some study sites unsuccessful establishment following germination has been observed in bracken stands adjacent to forest, where seedlings of forest species have been seen to survive during winter, but die the following summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession

Partridge¹

1989

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Soil seed banks at 21 sites covered with poor quality pasture, bracken femland, scrubland of broom or gorse, and various forest types, were examined by germinating seed in soil samples. At most sites the composition of upper and lower soil layers was similar. Persistent, deeply buried seed banks of Cytisus scoparius, Ulex europaeus, and more rarely Sophora microphylla, were discovered at seven sites, four of which lacked that particular species in the above-ground vegetation, and are thus considered to be of a former vegetation type. Forest sites tended to have more seeds and more species represented in the soil seed bank. Although an average of only 35% of the species in the seed bank were represented above ground at the sampling point, this rose to 60% within 5 m, and 72% within 10 m of that point. Those species further away were mostly widespread pasture weeds, even within forest sites, and are interpreted as being recently dispersed and transient. Large quantities of Juncus spp. in some sites are believed to be transported by water movement through the soil. Some species, including certain site dominants, were poorly or never represented in the soil seed bank. It is considered that the seed bank has an important role in establishing the initial floristic composition following disturbance. However, differential seedling survival, resprouting, and competition probably help in maintaining the predisturbance vegetation at non-forest sites. Where forest is disturbed, especially by burning, there is the potential for a completely different vegetation to develop from the seed bank.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession

Partridge¹

1989

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…Grey arrows indicate seed movements, and processes related to movement are in bold. After Schafer andChilcote (1970), Fenner (1985), Chambers and Mac Mahon (1994) and Van der Wall et al (2002). The term "seed" used throughout the model and the text represents the diaspore or unit of dispersal (seed with surrounding dispersal structures).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

Bochet

2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Since seeds are the principle means by which plants move across the landscape, the final fate of seeds plays a fundamental role in the assemblage, functioning and dynamics of plant communities. Once seeds land on the soil surface after being dispersed from the parent plant, they can be moved horizontally by surface runoff. In arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems, where seeds are scattered into a very heterogeneous environment and intense rainfalls occur, the transport of seeds by runoff to new sites may be an opportunity for seeds to reach more favourable sites for seed germination and seedling survival. Although seed transport by runoff may be of vital importance for the recruitment of plants in these ecosystems, it has received little attention in the scientific literature, especially among soil scientists. The main goals of this review paper are (1) to offer an updated conceptual model of seed fate with a focus on seed destiny in and on the soil; (2) to review studies on seed fate in overland flow and the ecological implications seed transport by runoff has for the origin, spatial patterning and maintenance of patches in arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems; and finally (3) to point out directions for future research.This review shows that seed fate in overland flow may result either in the export of seeds from the system (seed loss) or in the spatial redistribution of seeds within the system through short-distance seed movements (seed displacement). Seed transport by runoff depends on rainfall, slope and soil characteristics. Susceptibility of seed removal varies highly between species and is mainly related to seed traits, including seed size, seed shape, presence of appendages, and ability of a seed to secrete mucilage. Although initially considered as a risk of seed loss, seed removal by runoff has recently been described as an ecological driver that shapes plant composition from the first phases of the plant life by favouring species with seeds able to resist erosion and by selecting for plant traits that prevent seed loss. Moreover, the interaction of seed transport by overland flow with the high seed trapping capacity of vegetated patches results in a "patch-to-patch" transport of seeds that plays a relevant role in vegetation establishment and patterning in arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems.Overall, this review shows how the knowledge about seed fate in overland flow can be used to explain a number of important characteristics of whole plant communities. It also underlines important gaps in knowledge that should be filled in. Future lines of research are proposed in order to broaden our understanding of the origin, maintenance and dynamics of patchiness in arid and semiarid ecosystems and to improve restoration success of intensively eroded ecosystems. Among the most exciting challenges, empirical studies are needed to understand the relevance of short-distance seed displacements in the origin and maintenance of patchiness, addressing the feedbacks between structure and function and abiotic a...

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“…Leck and Graveline (1979) found a decrease in total number of seedlings which germinated from deeper tidal marsh profile samples, but determined that it was not statistically significant. They postulated that the lack of a significant pattern in numbers of viable seeds through the profile supports previous theories that seed viability is prolonged in cool, moist soil conditions (Schafer and Chilcote 1970). In terrestrial studies, a trend of nonuniform distribution of seeds in profiles has been noted.…”

Section: Changes In Seed Densitysupporting

confidence: 54%

The potential role of seed banks in the restoration of drained prairie wetlands

Erlandson

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Factors Influencing Persistence and Depletion in Buried Seed Populations. II. The Effects of Soil Temperature and Moisture¹

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession

Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession

The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

The potential role of seed banks in the restoration of drained prairie wetlands

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Factors Influencing Persistence and Depletion in Buried Seed Populations. II. The Effects of Soil Temperature and Moisture1

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession

Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession

The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

The potential role of seed banks in the restoration of drained prairie wetlands

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Factors Influencing Persistence and Depletion in Buried Seed Populations. II. The Effects of Soil Temperature and Moisture¹