Factors influencing optimum seawater reverse osmosis system designs

Klinko, Kenneth; Light, W.G.; Cummings, C.M.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(85)80002-3

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the late 1960s, RO membranes were made almost exclusively of cellulose acetate (CA). During the past decade other polymeric materials have been developed, and two kinds of membranes are now marketed in addition to CA membranes: aromatic polyamide, and thin-film composites of various polymers (61)(62)(63)(64). Each has advantages and disadvantages for hydraulic resistance, operating pH, temperature range, chlorine tolerance, and resistance to biodegradation.…”

Section: Ro Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treatment processes. III. Removing dissolved inorganic contaminants from water

Clifford¹,

Subramonian²,

Sorg³

1986

Environ. Sci. Technol.

146

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Dissolved inorganic contaminants in water can he cationic, anionic, or neutral forms of ions, atoms, or molecules of any element in the periodic table.All contaminant ions and most dissolved non-ions a Relatively insensitive to flow and total dissolved soli Low effluent concentration possible In reverse osmosis, bacteria and particles are removed as well DisadvantagesHigh capital and operating costs High level of pretreatment required Membranes are prone to fouling Rnim stream is M W % of feed flw

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Section: Ro Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water treatment processes. III. Removing dissolved inorganic contaminants from water

Clifford¹,

Subramonian²,

Sorg³

1986

Environ. Sci. Technol.

146

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“…They showed that the energy efficiency of RO plants could significantly be increased using energy recovery systems. Klinko et al (1985) presented a comparative analysis of single-stage and two-stage seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems. They showed that the optimum design is influenced by choice of the operating parameters and related cost factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cost and energy effective seawater membranes for use under hot climate conditions

Shaaban

Yahya

2022

Water Environment Research

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Seawater desalination using a cost‐effective reverse osmosis system is crucial for hot climate countries suffering from water scarcity. The most favorable seawater membrane characteristics were identified under typical Egyptian operating conditions. Twelve different commercially available membrane elements were investigated. A reverse osmosis system was designed and simulated using available software (e.g., ROSA and IMSDesign). The characteristics of the most promising membranes were identified for operation at Matruh (Mediterranean Sea) and Sharm El‐Sheikh (Red Sea). The present work shows that the lowest cost of seawater desalination is obtained with membranes having high salt rejection, high permeate flow, high membrane active area, and permeate flux greater than 0.914 m3/(d·m2). Moreover, the cost of seawater desalination in summer is lower than in winter by 5% for Matruh and 2.7% for Sharm El‐Sheikh. However, the impact of water salinity on the cost and specific energy consumption is higher than that of the seawater temperature. The cost of Mediterranean seawater desalination is lower than that of the Red Sea by 10.6%. Cost analysis at five different locations in Egypt shows that the highest cost takes place at Suez (Gulf of Suez), and the lowest cost occurs at Matruh (Mediterranean Sea). Practitioner Points Twelve different membranes were investigated for use under typical hot climate conditions. The cost of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is lower in summer by 2.7%–5% compared with winter. RO desalination costs up to 10.6% less for the Mediterranean Sea compared with the Red Sea. The optimum membrane element performance characteristics were identified for use under hot climate conditions.

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“…Gibbs free energy for a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is evaluated using various property models and the least work is evaluated as a function of feed salinity and recovery ratio. The NaCl solution results are also compared with the least work calculation evaluated using seawater properties because the use of aqueous NaCl solutions is common in laboratory studies of desalination systems [11][12][13][14][15][16] as well as in industry [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nonideal Solution Behavior on Desalination of a Sodium Chloride Solution and Comparison to Seawater

Mistry

Lienhard

2013

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Proper evaluation of the Gihbs free energy and other properties of seawater and other aqueous solutions is essential in the analysis of desalination systems. Standard seawater has been studied extensively and property data are readily accessible. However, many aqueous solutions requiring desalination have significantly different compositions from seawater and seawater data are generally not accurate for these solutions. Experimental data for a given aqueous solution may be unavailable under the conditions of interest. Therefore, there is a need to model relevant physical properties from chemical thermodynamic principles. In particular, for solutions that are not ideal, the activity and fugacity coefficients must be considered. In this paper, the effect of nonidealities in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions is considered through a parametric study of the least work of separation for a desalination system. This study is used to determine the conditions under which the ideal solution approximation is valid and also to determine when an NaCl solution is a good approximation to standard seawater. It is found that the ideal solution approximation is reasonable within ranges of salinities and recovery ratios typical of those found in the seawater desalination industry because many of the nonidealities cancel out, but not because the solution behaves ideally. Additionally, it is found that NaCl solutions closely approximate natural seawater only at salinities typically found in seawater and not for salinities found in typical brackish waters.

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Factors influencing optimum seawater reverse osmosis system designs

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Water treatment processes. III. Removing dissolved inorganic contaminants from water

Water treatment processes. III. Removing dissolved inorganic contaminants from water

Identification of cost and energy effective seawater membranes for use under hot climate conditions

Effect of Nonideal Solution Behavior on Desalination of a Sodium Chloride Solution and Comparison to Seawater

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