Factors influencing nonoxynol-9 permeation and bioactivity in cervical mucus

Owen, Derek H.; Dunmire, Erik N; Plenys, A.M.; Katz, David F.

doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00017-6

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Distribution of protective agents over susceptible surfaces is critical for maximum efficacy. 24 A range of BufferGel volumes (0 -50 l) was tested for protective efficacy against HSV-2. In this experiment, BufferGel was applied to the vaginas of mice approximately 20 seconds before delivery of the vaginal HSV-2 inoculum.…”

Section: Studies With Hsv-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of BufferGel for Contraception and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Animal Models

Zeitlin¹,

Hoen

Achilles

et al. 2001

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Section: Studies With Hsv-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of BufferGel for Contraception and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Animal Models

Zeitlin¹,

Hoen

Achilles

et al. 2001

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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“…The flow, retention, drug delivery kinetics, and bioactivity of vaginal formulations depend upon their interactions with these resident fluids. Work done by our group has determined that the physical and chemical properties of both the delivery vehicle and the surrounding environment are important factors in determining product performance (Katz et al, 1998;Owen et al, 1999aOwen et al, , 2000Owen et al, , 2001Owen et al, , 2003. Understanding of these interactions can, therefore, aid in the design and development of new and improved formulations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant

Owen

Katz

2005

Journal of Andrology

347

298

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A fluid medium was developed to simulate the salient physical and chemical properties of human semen. The composition of the medium was based upon an extensive review of the literature on constituents of human semen. In choosing the ingredients for this medium, the goal was to emphasize properties that influence interactions of human semen with topical contraceptive, prophylactic, or therapeutic products. Among these properties, pH and buffering capacity, osmolarity, ionic strength, and rheological properties play dominant roles in the physico-chemical processes that govern drug release kinetics and delivery vehicle distribution. W hen therapeutic, contraceptive, or prophylactic formulations are applied to the vagina, they encounter a variety of fluids with widely varying physical and chemical properties. These fluids include those that originate in the vagina and those that flow into it (eg, cervical mucus and semen). The fluid actually present at any location within the vagina is a mixture, to a varying extent, of these fluids. The flow, retention, drug delivery kinetics, and bioactivity of vaginal formulations depend upon their interactions with these resident fluids. Work done by our group has determined that the physical and chemical properties of both the delivery vehicle and the surrounding environment are important factors in determining product performance (Katz et al, 1998;Owen et al, 1999aOwen et al, , 2000Owen et al, , 2001Owen et al, , 2003. Understanding of these interactions can, therefore, aid in the design and development of new and improved formulations.One component of such research is the in vitro testing of formulations with fluids representative of those that will be encountered within the vagina. Our laboratory has been developing and applying in vitro assays that focus on how the deployment and delivery of contraceptive and prophylactic compounds are affected by the properties of the delivery vehicle and its interactions with the surrounding fluids. To develop these assays using standardized materials of sufficient volume, we have found it useful to employ simulants of ambient biological fluids. Our for- mulation of a vaginal fluid simulant has been described in a previous publication (Owen and Katz, 1999b), and our semen simulant (and earlier versions) was presented in a number of studies of contraceptive and microbicidal gels (Owen et al, 2003(Owen et al, , 2004Geonnotti and Katz, 2004;Geonnotti et al, 2005a;Geonnotti et al, 2005b). Here we describe the formulation of a semen simulant embodying salient physical and chemical components and properties of human semen. This is based on a comprehensive review of the literature, and we present here, as well, an updated summary of the constituents of human semen. Materials and MethodsThe quantity and composition of human semen have been studied for a variety of reasons (eg, for the diagnosis of conditions such as prostatitis, infertility, and cancer), and the results of these studies were used in the development of our simulant. It i...

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“…Poorly water soluble drugs are more frequently absorbed when fluid volume is high. However this condition may remove drug from vaginal cavity thus reducing drug absorption (Owen et al, 1999). Thick mucus is less permeable and vice versa.…”

Section: Pesseries and Suppositoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced topical drug delivery system for the management of vaginal candidiasis

et al. 2014

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Vaginal candidiasis or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VC) is a common mucosal infection of vagina, mainly caused by Candida species. The major symptoms of VC are dyspareunia, pruritis, itching, soreness, vagina as well as vulvar erythema and edema. Most common risk factors that lead to the imbalance in the vaginal micro biota are the use of antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, immuno suppression as in AIDS or HIV patients, frequent sexual intercourse, spermicide and intra-uterine devices and vaginal douching. Various anti-fungal drugs are available for effective treatment of VC. Different conventional vaginal formulations (creams, gels, suppositories, powder, ointment, etc.) for VC are available today but have limited efficacy because of lesser residence time on vaginal epithelium due to self-cleansing action of vagina. So to overcome this problem, an extended and intimate contact with vaginal mucosa is desired; which can be accomplished by utilizing mucoadhesive polymers. Mucoadhesive polymers have an excellent binding capacity to mucosal tissues for considerable period of time. This unique property of these polymers significantly enhances retention time of different formulations on mucosal tissues. Currently, various novel formulations such as liposomes, nano-and microparticles, micro-emulsions, bio-adhesive gel and tablets are used to control and treat VC. In this review, we focused on current status of vaginal candidiasis, conventional and nanotechnology inspired formulation approaches.

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Factors influencing nonoxynol-9 permeation and bioactivity in cervical mucus

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Tests of BufferGel for Contraception and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Animal Models

Tests of BufferGel for Contraception and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Animal Models

A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant

Advanced topical drug delivery system for the management of vaginal candidiasis

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