Factors Influencing Germination of a Functionally Important Grassland Plant, Iris tenax

Jones, Katherine D.; Kaye, Thomas N.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090084

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Such facts were corroborated by Souza et al (2020) The acid treatment in 10 minutes is promising, but not enough to overcome dormancy. These results suggest the occurrence of combined dormancy in D. bicolor seeds, a characteristic also reported in other Iridaceae species such as Iris Tenax (Jones and Kaye, 2014) and Belamcanda chinensis (Silva et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Overcoming dormancy in seeds of Dietes bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt

Borges

Silva

et al. 2022

Ornam. Hortic.

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Seminiferous propagation of Dietes bicolor is hindered by the probable physical and/or morphophysiological dormancy. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of different methods of overcoming dormancy in D. bicolor seeds to determine a possible pre-germination treatment for the species. Two experiments were conducted: (I) Evaluation of the breaking of physical dormancy, in which the treatments of mechanical scarification were carried using sandpaper #100; chemical scarification with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 5 and 10 minutes and immersion in hot water (70 ºC), also, for 5 and 10 minutes, were evaluated. The intact seed was considered a control. (II) Evaluation of morphophysiological dormancy, in which the seeds were submitted to combined treatments of stratification of hot temperature (20-35 °C) and/or cold temperature (9 ºC), distributed in periods of 0, 1, and 2 weeks, totalizing 9 treatments. In both experiments, germination percentage (G), germination speed index (GSI), and first count (FC) were determined, using a randomized block design, and evaluated by the Scott-Knott test at 1% and Dunnett’s test at 5%. The use of H2SO4 10 minutes induced 42% germination, 0.52 GSI, and 18% FC, but only FC was significantly different from the control. In the second trial, the treatment that spent only two weeks in hot temperatures (20-35 ºC) showed the highest germination (30%), compared to the control (G = 22%). These results provide relevant information for understanding the physiology of D. bicolor germination, in addition to contributing to the optimization of pre-germination practices for this important ornamental species.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Overcoming dormancy in seeds of Dietes bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt

Borges

Silva

et al. 2022

Ornam. Hortic.

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“…Iris versicolor seeds responded positively to exposure to a temperature range of 33-50°C for 75 days. Germination of I. tenax and Iris virginica L. seeds was achieved through application of both types of stratification breaking their deep morphophysiological dormancy [Morgan 1990, Jones andKaye 2014].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the male and female gametophyte, fertilization, and assessment of germination and regulation of dormancy in Iris aphylla L. seeds

Śmigała-Lasota

Dziurka

Dąbrowska

et al. 2023

Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus

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The observations of fruiting and formation of offspring through generative propagation presented in this study were aimed at determination of propagation potential in Iris aphylla L. The low percentage of germinating seeds largely limits its generative reproduction. The germination tests confirmed deep dormancy of the Iris aphylla seeds. The dormancy was disrupted by isolation of embryos from seeds, which were further cultivated in vitro. The germination of isolated embryos proved the localization of endogenous inhibitors of germinating seeds of I. aphylla in the endosperm. The comparison of phytohormonal profiles of seeds, endosperm and embryos of I. aphylla and Iris sibirica, i.e. a species with a high percentage of germinating seed, revealed that the deep dormancy of I. aphylla seeds was associated with the balance between abscisic acid and gibberellins (ABA/GA), a significant predominance of ABA and a massive accumulation of salicylic acid. Isolation of embryos from seeds and their germination in growing medium in vitro is recommended as the most efficient method for I. aphylla propagation. Results of this study can be applied in conservation efforts of this attractive and important native species.

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“…Iris species exhibit exogenous (hard seed coat) and/or endogenous (physiological) dormancy that slows the seed germination process. Dormancy could restrict seed germination for up to 6 years [46,47]. For example, Iris tenax experiences both exogenous and endogenous dormancy, and thus achieves a 63% germination rate after stratification in warm conditions at 20-30 • C followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification at 5 • C to achieve a higher seed germination percentage [46].…”

Section: Successful Reintroduction Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dormancy could restrict seed germination for up to 6 years [46,47]. For example, Iris tenax experiences both exogenous and endogenous dormancy, and thus achieves a 63% germination rate after stratification in warm conditions at 20-30 • C followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification at 5 • C to achieve a higher seed germination percentage [46]. The I. bismarckiana species propagates naturally through rhizomes where their seed production is extremely low.…”

Section: Successful Reintroduction Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Selection to Reintroduce Iris bismarckiana in Semi-Arid Environments

Othman,

Ayasrah,

Al-Kofahi

2023

Diversity

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Conservation of endangered plant species in their indigenous regions is of crucial importance, especially for those grown in semi-arid regions. The objectives of this study were to explore the Nazareth iris’s (Iris bismarckiana) natural habitat and identify new suitable sites to initiate a reintroduction program of this endangered plant species in a semi-arid environment. The study was conducted in Dibbeen Forest Reserve, Jordan, where six zones inside the reserve [A–F] were assessed in addition to zone G outside the reserve borders that represents the area where I. bismarckiana still exists. Habitat selection variables (topography, soil physical and chemical properties, climatic data, and potential risks and benefits) from all zones within the reserve were cross matched with that of zone G. The results showed that climatic data of all selected sites were suitable for reintroduction; all sites are open to direct sunlight most of the day. The minimum soil depth was greater than 40 cm in all zones, while soil respiration level revealed that zone A (a recreation site) was below the recommended thresholds. The percentage of stone volume (>2 mm) in the soil profile was high in zones D and F. Zones E, C, and F were extremely steep (>40 degrees), which undermined their potential to be suitable habitats. All sites are susceptible to high human disturbance risk except zone B, which is protected and under continuous surveillance by the Reserve Botanist. Considering all measured suitability indicators, including slope degree suitability (<25), soil respiration (57–77 mg kg−1), soil stone percentage value (8.3%), tree canopy cover (open area), and human disturbance potential (low risk), zone B holds promise as a suitable site for a I. bismarckiana reintroduction program. Therefore, the initiation of long-term reintroduction programs within this site with timely surveillance is urgently needed to conserve and support such valuable species self-regeneration.

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Factors Influencing Germination of a Functionally Important Grassland Plant, Iris tenax

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Overcoming dormancy in seeds of Dietes bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt

Overcoming dormancy in seeds of Dietes bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt

Development of the male and female gametophyte, fertilization, and assessment of germination and regulation of dormancy in Iris aphylla L. seeds

Habitat Selection to Reintroduce Iris bismarckiana in Semi-Arid Environments

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