Factors Influencing Diversity of Farmers’ Varieties of Sweet Potato in Uganda: Implications for Conservation

Zawedde, Barbara M.; Harris, Craig K.; Alajo, Agnes; Hancock, J. F.; Grumet, Rebecca

doi:10.1007/s12231-014-9278-3

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Such excess heterozygosity is expected in historically outcrossing species that maintain their heterozygosity through vegetative propagation, or if other factors such as natural and artificial selection pressure favor heterozygosity. Similar results have been reported in sweet potato [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia using newly developed EST-SSRs marker system

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPlectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew (locally known as Ethiopian dinich or Ethiopian potato) is one of the most economically important edible tuber crops indigenous to Ethiopia. Evaluating the extent of genetic diversity within and among populations is one of the first and most important steps in breeding and conservation measures. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity and population structure of this crop using collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia.ResultsTwenty polymorphic expressed sequence tag based simple sequence repeat (EST-SSRs) markers were developed for P. edulis based on EST sequences of P. barbatus deposited in the GenBank. These markers were used for genetic diversity analyses of 287 individual plants representing 12 populations, and a total of 128 alleles were identified across the entire loci and populations. Different parameters were used to estimate the genetic diversity within populations; and gene diversity index (GD) ranged from 0.31 to 0.39 with overall mean of 0.35. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed significant but low population differentiation with only 3% of the total variation accounted for variation among populations. Likewise, cluster and STRUCTURE analyses did not group the populations into sharply distinct clusters, which could be attributed to historical and contemporary gene flow and the reproductive biology of the crop.ConclusionsThese newly developed EST-SSR markers are highly polymorphic within P. edulis and hence are valuable genetic tools that can be used to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity and population structure of not only P. edulis but also various other species within the Lamiaceae family. Among the 12 populations studied, populations collected from Wenbera, Awi and Wolaita showed a higher genetic diversity as compared to other populations, and hence these areas can be considered as hot spots for in-situ conservation as well as for identification of genotypes that can be used in breeding programs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0682-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia using newly developed EST-SSRs marker system

et al. 2018

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“…Farmers value a range of traits in varieties that do not always correlate with pest and disease resistance (Zawedde et al, 2014). Some new varieties have met with little uptake, resulting in recommendations that future variety development uses a 'bottom up' approach (Lutulele, 2001).…”

Section: Variety Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This basic research can set the stage for more streamlined identification of resistance among existing germplasm and facilitate breeding. Determining and communicating accurate information about varietal traits including pest and disease resistance assists in the selection of the best varieties for planting (Zawedde et al, 2014). The development of molecular markers for sweetpotato will assist this process .…”

Section: Conclusion and Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate pests and diseases of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas): a review and identification of research priorities for smallholder production

Johnson

Gurr

2016

Ann Appl Biol

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Sweetpotato has been the subject of little research worldwide compared with other major crop staples, and this is especially so for less developed countries where sweetpotato is critical for food security. This review synthesises information on plant protection issues that affect smallholder sweetpotato farmers in less developed countries to identify major issues and suggest research priorities. Though the pests and diseases of sweetpotato in less developed countries are largely common to industrialised systems, their relative importance differs and losses tend to be more severe as a result of differing agronomic practices and relative unavailability of management options and technical support that are important in developed countries. Smallholders are heavily reliant on cultural practices such as traditional forms of biological control using ants and livestock, fallowing and composting (sometimes with plant materials having biocidal properties). Crop protection methods that have been developed for use in sweetpotato production in developed countries, such as pathogen-tested planting material, early maturing varieties, pheromone trapping and pesticides are less accessible to, and relevant for, smallholders. Smallholders also typically harvest a given crop progressively which extends the period over which storage roots are potentially vulnerable to attack but reduces the risk of post-harvest losses. Human population growth in developing countries is leading to an increase in cropping intensity with shorter fallow periods and more years of continuous crops. This has the dual effect of depleting soil nutrients and increasing the potential for pest and pathogen build-up. Associated with this, the adoption of strategies to manage crop nutrition, such as not burning crop residues, promote carryover of pests and pathogen inocula. As a consequence of these factors, sweetpotato yield losses from diseases, especially viruses, and pests, particularly weevils, can be high. Climate change is likely to result in more frequent drought and this will increase losses caused by sweetpotato weevils that are favoured by dry conditions. This review of sweetpotato pests and their management options concludes with suggestions for some future research priorities including the combination of traditional practices that have pest management outcomes with relevant practices from industrial production that are able to be transferred or modified for use in smallholder production. Increased technical support for decision making and diagnostics, including molecular approaches that have scope for field use, will be important in reducing the burden imposed by biotic threats to this important global crop.

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“…In addition, Zawedde et al. (2014) also reported that higher yield, taste, and maturity period were the primary criteria for adopting new cultivars in Uganda.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweetpotato production practices, constraints, and variety evaluation under different storage types

Abrham

Beshir

Haile

2020

Food and Energy Security

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Sweetpotato plays an important role in ensuring food security and household income sources for local communities in Ethiopia. It is dominantly grown in southern parts of Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity over the last few years has declined due to the limited access of quality planting materials at the onset of the rainy season, disease, and severe pest infestation. Therefore, it was imperative to carry out this study to identify the main constraints related to the recent decline in sweet in Misrak Badawacho District. The survey result revealed that many varieties of sweetpotato were grown in the district; mainly, Awassa‐83, Ogan‐Sagan, and Wolaita‐local were the most preferred variety by producers. The main sweetpotato production and storage constraints in the study district are as follows: rodents, disease and insect pests, heat and drought, shortage of quality planting materials, and absence of best methods for long‐term storage. Ogan‐Sagan and Wolaita‐local were evaluated under different storage types (straw, soil, ash, sawdust, and sand storage). The combination of Awassa‐83 variety and sand storage was performed better in percentage of decay, weight loss, and weevil damage, whereas length and number of vine per storage roots were performed better in the separate treatment. Thus, Awassa‐83 variety and sand storage can be recommended for maintaining the storage roots during dry periods and access of quality vines at the onset of the rainy season. More importantly, sand storage provides an opportunity to maintain the quality of sweetpotato storage roots for a long period of time and producers can easily and timely access quality vines at the onset of rainy season.

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Factors Influencing Diversity of Farmers’ Varieties of Sweet Potato in Uganda: Implications for Conservation

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia using newly developed EST-SSRs marker system

Genetic diversity and population structure analyses of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew collections from diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia using newly developed EST-SSRs marker system

Invertebrate pests and diseases of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas): a review and identification of research priorities for smallholder production

Sweetpotato production practices, constraints, and variety evaluation under different storage types

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