Factors Influencing AMPK Activation During Cycling Exercise: A Pooled Analysis and Meta-Regression

Rothschild, Jeffrey; Islam, Hashim; Bishop, David J.; Kilding, Andrew E.; Plews, Daniel J.

doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01610-x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Exercise activates AMPK pathway. However, the effect magnitude will depend on exercise intensity, duration, glycogen availability, and training status (57). Interestingly, highintensity training did not improve AMPK activation in hypertensive rats, which contrasts with low-and mediumintensity exercise (58).…”

Section: Covid-19-related Inflammatory Pathways Modulated By Irisin A...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19

Alves,

Lomba,

Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Muscle and adipose tissue produce irisin during exercise. Irisin is thermogenic adipomyokine, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorates the effects of obesity-driven inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In addition, exercise-induced irisin activates anti-inflammatory pathways and may play an essential role in improving the outcomes of inflammatory conditions, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 infection can activate different intracellular receptors and modulate various pathways during the course of the disease. The cytokine release storm (CRS) produced is significant because it promotes the context for systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In addition, viral infection and the resulting organ damage may stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/toll interleukin receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor (MyD88) pathways while negatively modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, leading to increased inflammatory cytokine production. Exercise-induced irisin may counteract this inflammatory modulation by decreasing cytokine production. Consequently, increased irisin levels, as found in healthy patients, may favor a better prognosis in patients with SARS-CoV2. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of irisin in mitigating CRS and preventing severe outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV2.

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Section: Covid-19-related Inflammatory Pathways Modulated By Irisin A...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19

Alves,

Lomba,

Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…This practice is in line with contemporary sports nutrition guidelines recommending carbohydrate intake be individualized to the athlete and their event, and modulated according to changes in exercise volume [2]. These alterations to daily carbohydrate intake have the potential to modulate cell signaling pathways that regulate training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations [3, 4], influence training intensity and exercise capacity [5–7], and reduce the risk of inadequate energy availability [8]. At its simplest level, carbohydrate periodization can be recognized practically by daily fluctuations in total carbohydrate intake that consider the physical demands of the upcoming training and competitive schedule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The quantification of daily carbohydrate periodization among endurance athletes during 12 weeks of self-selected training: presentation of a novel Carbohydrate Periodization Index

Rothschild

Morton

Kilding

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Contemporary sports nutrition guidelines recognize that endurance athletes should periodize their daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake according to the demands of their training and competitive schedule. However, objective assessments of the dietary CHO periodization practices adopted by endurance athletes during prolonged training periods are not readily available. Objectives: To objectively assess the magnitude of the CHO periodization practices adopted by endurance athletes via the formulation of a novel CHO Periodization Index (CPI). The CPI is proposed to represent a single metric to quantify how tightly an athlete's CHO intake is matched with training load, the magnitude of adjustment, and how frequently these adjustments occur. Methods: Self-selected training and dietary intake was reported daily by 55 endurance athletes (61.8% male) for 12 weeks (representing a total of 4,395 days of dietary assessments). Calculations were made for correlations between daily CHO intake and training load (product of session rating of perceived exertion and duration), CHO monotony (mean daily CHO intake divided by SD), CHO range (highest minus lowest single-day intake), and the CPI (correlation * range / monotony). Sub-group analysis was also performed to examine differences in CPI, frequency of fasted training sessions, and weekly training volume based on competitive level, habitual diet, and sex. Results: Mean participant daily CHO intake was 3.9 +/- 1.5 (range 1.2 to 7.2) g/kg, with the highest single-day intake being 17.6 g/kg. Mean CHO range was 6.6 +/- 3.1 (range 2.0 to 15.2) g/kg. Carbohydrate monotony values ranged from 1.0 to 6.0. Pearson correlations between training load and daily CHO intake ranged from -0.34 to 0.87. Mean CPI was 1.0 +/- 1.2 (range -1.2 to 5.6) and was higher among the highest-level athletes. Conclusion: Endurance athletes do not readily adjust daily CHO intake according to the demands of training. Furthermore, the CPI represents a promising tool that that can be used by researchers, coaches, and athletes to quantify CHO periodization practices and compare within and between individuals.

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“…AMPK is a cellular energy sensor that is activated by cellular stresses that deplete ATP and elevate AMP, such as glucose deprivation, hypoxia, ischemia, oxidative stress, and hyperosmotic stress ( 94 ), but also by exposure to coldness ( 95 ) and exercise ( 96 , 97 ). It has been recently described as a key player in metabolic adaptations to endurance training ( 98 ). In the heart, AMPK activation leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis through increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) ( 99 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Specific Biomarkers Indicate Cardiac Adaptive and Anti-inflammatory Response of Repeated Recreational SCUBA Diving

Dumić

Cvetko

Abramović

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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ObjectiveRecreational SCUBA (rSCUBA) diving has become a highly popular and widespread sport. Yet, information on molecular events underlying (patho)physiological events that follow exposure to the specific environmental conditions (hyperbaric conditions, coldness, immersion, and elevated breathing pressure), in which rSCUBA diving is performed, remain largely unknown. Our previous study suggested that repeated rSCUBA diving triggers an adaptive response of cardiovascular and immune system. To elucidate further molecular events underlying cardiac and immune system adaptation and to exclude possible adverse effects we measured blood levels of specific cardiac and inflammation markers.MethodsThis longitudinal intervention study included fourteen recreational divers who performed five dives, one per week, on the depth 20–30 m that lasted 30 min, after the non-dive period of 5 months. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after the first, third, and fifth dives. Copeptin, immunoglobulins A, G and M, complement components C3 and C4, and differential blood count parameters, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined using standard laboratory methods. Cell-free DNA was measured by qPCR analysis and N-glycans released from IgG and total plasma proteins (TPP), were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsCopeptin level increased after the first dive but decreased after the third and fifth dive. Increases in immunoglobulins level after every dive and during whole studied period were observed, but no changes in C3, C4, and cfDNA level were detected. NLR increased only after the first dive. IgG and TPP N-glycosylation alterations toward anti-inflammatory status over whole studied period were manifested as an increase in monogalyctosylated and core-fucosylated IgG N-glycans and decrease in agalactosylated TPP N-glycans.ConclusionrSCUBA diving practiced on a regular basis promotes anti-inflammatory status thus contributing cardioprotection and conferring multiple health benefits.

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Factors Influencing AMPK Activation During Cycling Exercise: A Pooled Analysis and Meta-Regression

Cited by 16 publications

References 153 publications

Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19

Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19

The quantification of daily carbohydrate periodization among endurance athletes during 12 weeks of self-selected training: presentation of a novel Carbohydrate Periodization Index

Changes in Specific Biomarkers Indicate Cardiac Adaptive and Anti-inflammatory Response of Repeated Recreational SCUBA Diving

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