Factors Influencing Abscission.

Biggs, R. H.; Leopold, A. C.

doi:10.1104/pp.32.6.626

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, explants with leaves removed do show fast abscission [ca. three days to 50 per cent abscission (1,10,75)], in excellent agreement with the longevity of debladed petioles still on the intact plant. Addicott & Lynch (1) stated that replacing the leaflet blade with IAA in concentrations from 10 to 1000 ppm slowed abscis sion of the ex plants "in direct proportion to the concentration of IAA applied", with concentrations of 500 ppm and above giving "complete inhibition."…”

Section: Internal Factors That Slow Abscissionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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Longevity of Plant Organs: Internal Factors Controlling Abscission

Jacobs¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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The research of many men during the last twenty years has gone toward elucidating the internal factors which control the longevity of two importan t types of plant organs-leaves and fruits. This work, which one would expect to have general interest for developmental biologists, has not been as familiar to them as it might be because most of the papers which could be considered to treat longevity have emphasized the "abscission" side of the research. The emphasis on abscission is quite understandable: there are important economic aspects of leaf abscission and of fruit abscission (e.g., inducing leaf abscission in cotton plants for the mechanical picker, and preventing fruit abscission in some of the tree crops like apples and figs) . Consequently, many of the papers have been published in agricultural research journals , where the practical aspects of the research were emphasized.This review will consider the gradual development of our current under standing as to the internal factors in the plant which control the longevity of leaves and fruits. The extensive literature on external agents which will a rtific ally induce abscission will not be discussed, since it has recently been authoritatively reviewed by Addicott & Lynch (2), and since it is not par ticularly informative concerning the internal controlling factors, despite its value in field practice. Special emphasis will be placed on relating a given piece of research to previous research, both because of general scientific obligation, and because abscission researchers have been unusually lax in doing so. In particular, the early German authors (44,45,46,67) have, in the reviewer's opinion, not been given adequate credit by English-speaking authors. [No "holier-than-thou" attitude is suggested: the author has erroneously attributed to Myers credit that should have gone to Laibach and Mai (99), and undoubtedly will have overlooked some proper references in this review. But the aim and the obligation is to be as fair as human failings allow.]Among the papers published since the last review that are not herein considered in detail are those of Hall et at. (26,27,51,52, 53) and Haccius & Nies (23,24,25). Also omitted is consideration of the effects of position with respect to gravity, fully treated by Terpstra (86) and Vendrig (93, 94) . Of papers published before the last review, DostaJ's 1951 paper on correlative effects on leaf abscission in woody plants should be noted (14) . There are no 1 The survey of literature pertaining to this review was concluded in July 1961. 2 The following abbreviations are used: IAA (indole-3-acetic acid); NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid).

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Section: Internal Factors That Slow Abscissionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…BEAN (27) . In contrast to Coleus in which leaves of di ff erent ages at successive nodes were studied (32,71,79,99) , in bean the primar y or first trifoliate leaf has been the prime focus of interest, with its characteristics at different ages sometimes directl y described (e.g., 10,74,76,83 ).…”

Section: Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longevity of Plant Organs: Internal Factors Controlling Abscission

Jacobs¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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“…It is also evident that accelerative responses to proximal auxin applications give way to retardation and ultimately to complete inhibition as amounts applied are increased (10,11,14,25 What is the nature of the abscission response curve to applied auxin? The published reports include response curves which range from what are essentially straight lines (9,17) to multiphasic alternations of acceleration and retardation (Fig. 3 of this paper).…”

Section: Addicottmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Auxin Gradients and Abscission in Explants

Louie

Addicott

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The influence of applied auxin on abscission in explants (excised cotyledonary nodes) of cotton was investigated.Proximal applications to the stem stump accelerated abscission with all concentrations applied. Distal applications to the petiole stumps retarded abscission with all concentrations applied.Simultaneous applications to petiole and stem stumps accelerated, retarded, or were without effect on abscission depending on the relative amounts applied. Relatively high concentrations proximal on stem stumps accelerated abscission whereas relatively high concentrations distal on petiole stumps retarded abscission. The abscission rates from various combinations resulted in a multiphasic abscission response curve as the amounts applied were increased.Consideration of these and related data in the literature indicates that many factors can have profound effects on the nature of abscission responses to auxin.Interest in auxin as a controlling factor in abscission developed rapidly after Laibach (18) found that abscission can be retarded by the application of auxin to debladed petioles. His discovery led to a number of important agricultural practices (1,30,31) and stimulated basic researches on the influence of auxin in the control of abscission. All but the most recent literature has been described in reviews (1,5,16). A comprehensive article describing the physiological factors in abscission, including other hormones as well as auxin, has recently appeared (2).The early investigations established that auxin commonly functions to retard abscission. Further investigations disclosed other influences of auxin. The onset of abscission was found to be correlated with the gradient, or balance, of auxin across the abscission zone, auxin distal to the abscission zone tending to retard abscission, and auxin proximal to the zone tending to accelerate abscission. This general concept is supported by the results of a number of workers with a variety of plant materials from experiments involving extraction, diffusion, applications, and metabolism of auxin (6,14,15,19,21,(26)(27)(28). However, a few experiments have been reported in which proximal applications of auxin have retarded abscission (24), and in some cases distal applications have accelerated abscission (10,12,32 MATERIALS AND METHODSExcised abscission zones (explants) were used in this investigation following a method similar to that described by Addicott et al. (4). Explants were cut from the cotyledonary nodes of cotton seedlings (Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivar Acala 4-42) grown in perlite in galvanized flats in the greenhouse. Seedlings were used when their first internodes had attained a length of 2 cm (21-25 days after planting). Cotyledons were debladed 24 hr before the nodes were excised as this led to more rapid abscission, reducing the time required for an experiment. After excision each explant consisted of two 5-mm petiole stumps, a 5-mm stem stump (first internode), and a 10-mm hypocotyl stump, and thus each contained two abscission zones. The ...

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“…This compound was selected since it was one of the most stimulatory of the various amino acids tested by Rubinstein and Leopold (12). Explants were treated with alanine in the concentration range of 10-7 to 10-2 M. The data in figure 2 show that abscission by the youngest explants (A) was only slightly promoted, 10-2 M alanine causing only a 30-hour promotion of abscission. Explants from medium-aged leaves (B) were somewhat more promoted, and those from old leaves (C) were markedly more promoted (60 hours promotion at 10-4 3I, alanine).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the abscission of bean petioles, 2 effects of these compounds on the time to 50 % abscission is plotted as increased (+) or decreased (-) time to abscission as compared to the controls. Abscission times for controls: A, 3-day leaves 133 hours; B, 9-day leaves 100 hours; and C, 15- first stage was only about 4 lhours.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%