Factors Impacting the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Agricultural Water Sources in the Southeastern United States

Rodrigues, Camila; Silva, André Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da; Dunn, Laurel

doi:10.3390/w12010051

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Agricultural water used in produce production environments has been identified as a probable route of contamination in past produce outbreaks (Greene et al, 2008;Klontz et al, 2010;Park et al, 2012;Rodrigues et al, 2020). When agricultural water comes into contact with the harvestable portion of a plant during production (e.g., during foliar irrigation, frost protection) or farm environment (e.g., through splash from contaminated soil and feces) fresh produce can become contaminated by human pathogens present in the water (Miles et al, 2009;Erickson et al, 2010;Fatica and Schneider, 2011;Ijabadeniyi et al, 2011;Atwill et al, 2015;Jeamsripong et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With E. coli Levels in and Salmonella Contamination of Agricultural Water Differed Between North and South Florida Waterways

et al. 2022

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The microbial quality of agricultural water is often assessed using fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and physicochemical parameters. The presence, direction, and strength of associations between microbial and physicochemical parameters, and the presence of human pathogens in surface water vary across space (e.g., region) and time. This study was undertaken to understand these associations in two produce-growing regions in Florida, USA, and to examine the pathogen ecology in waterways used for produce production. The relationship between Salmonella presence, and microbial and physicochemical water quality; as well as weather and land use factors were evaluated. Water samples were collected from six sites in North Florida (N = 72 samples) and eight sites in South Florida (N = 96 samples) over 12 sampling months. Land use around each sampling site was characterized, and weather and water quality data were collected at each sampling. Salmonella, generic Escherichia coli, total coliform, and aerobic plate count bacteria populations were enumerated in each sample. Univariable and multivariable regression models were then developed to characterize associations between microbial water quality (i.e., E. coli levels and Salmonella presence), and water quality, weather, and land use factors separately for North and South Florida. The E. coli and total coliforms mean concentrations (log10 MPN/100 mL) were 1.8 ± 0.6 and >3.0 ± 0.4 in North and 1.3 ± 0.6 and >3.3 ± 0.2 in South Florida waterways, respectively. While Salmonella was detected in 23.6% (17/72) of North Florida and 28.1% (27/96) of South Florida samples, the concentration ranged between <0.48 and 1.4 log10 MPN/100 mL in North Florida, and <0.48 and 3.0 log10 MPN/100 mL in South Florida. Regression analyses showed no evidence of a correlation between either log10 total coliforms or E. coli levels, and if a sample was Salmonella-positive. The factors associated with Salmonella presence and log10E. coli levels in North Florida differed from those in South Florida; no factors retrained in multivariable regression models were the same for the North and South Florida models. The differences in associations between regions highlight the complexity of understanding pathogen ecology in freshwater environments and suggest substantial differences between intra-state regions in risk factors for Salmonella contamination of agricultural water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With E. coli Levels in and Salmonella Contamination of Agricultural Water Differed Between North and South Florida Waterways

et al. 2022

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“…Wastewater samples were lined on XLT-4 solid media by decontaminated loop and incubated at 37ºC for 16-18 hours. Each distinctly visible colony was collected and transferred into XLT-4 liquid medium and kept at 37ºC for 24 hours [18]. After 24 hours, DNA was extracted from the bacteria growing at XLT-4 liquid medium.…”

Section: Culture-based Detection Of Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical, Molecular and Cultural Identification of Microbial Pathogens in Wastewater Irrigated Crops

Raja¹,

Mahmood²,

Alamery³

et al. 2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Water scarcity is a global issue and the application of untreated wastewater for irrigation is a general practice in developing countries. Major drawbacks of wastewater irrigation include the presence of heavy metals and disease-causing bacterial pathogens. The present study was conducted for identification of the bacterial strains in wastewater and wastewater irrigated vegetable and crops. XLT-4 cultural media was used for culture-based detection of different bacterial pathogens (red with black center for Salmonella, yellowish for E. coli and small pink colonies for Shigella). The presence of these diseasecausing pathogens was indicated in almost all samples. For further confirmation, microscopic analysis was performed, which showed gram negative rod shaped colonies. Various biochemical identification tests (catalase, urease, oxidase and lactase) also confirmed the presence of pathogenic bacterial species in analyzed samples. PCR based diagnosis was carried out using species specific primers for Mdh gene of E. coli, IpaB gene of Salmonella and IpaH gene of Shigella. 16s rRNA was amplified in all observed samples as positive control. The Mdh gene amplification was observed in wastewater, pumpkin, sugarcane, maize, brinjal, lettuce, spinach, cabbage and radish samples, while IpaB gene was amplified

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“…Foodborne pathogens are a serious worldwide public health problem despite all advances made in food sanitation techniques and pathogen surveillance [ 1 , 2 ]. Pathogenic E. coli is one of the main bacterial contaminants associated with foodborne infections [ 3 , 4 ]. It spreads almost exclusively through fecal contamination of food and water, but can also be transmitted through cross-contamination or human contact during food processing [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effect of Phage phT4A and Pressure-Based Strategies in the Inhibition of Escherichia coli

et al. 2022

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The major concern regarding the bacteriophage (or phage) therapy approach is the regrowth of bacteria after treatment, a consequence of the emergence of phage-resistant mutants. However, this limitation can be overcome by combining different therapies. In this study, the potential of combining phage phT4A with pressure storage (HS) to enhance the control of Escherichia coli and bacterial regrowth after treatment was evaluated. For that, the combining effect of phage phT4A and HS was studied and compared with storage at atmospheric pressure (AP) under refrigeration (4 °C, RF) and room temperature (RT). Initially, the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (200, 300 and 400 MPa) and HS (75 MPa), as well as refrigeration in phage phT4A viability, was determined. However, a considerable phage inactivation was verified at 200 MPa and so only HS at 75 MPa was further studied for combined treatment. The combined treatment with phage phT4A and HS was more efficient (reduction of 2.5 log CFU/mL after 7 days of storage) than phage phT4A (E. coli concentration was similar to that of the bacterial control after 7 days of storage) and HS (reduction of 1.8 log CFU/mL after 7 days of storage) applied individually. The combination of phage phT4A with refrigerated storage did not decrease E. coli levels. However, both the combination of phage with HS and the treatment with HS at 75 MPa effectively reduced E. coli concentration and prevented its regrowth. Phage phT4A viability was slightly affected during HS; however, the efficiency of the combined treatment phage-HS was not compromised. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in food products.

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Factors Impacting the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Agricultural Water Sources in the Southeastern United States

Cited by 28 publications

References 70 publications

Factors Associated With E. coli Levels in and Salmonella Contamination of Agricultural Water Differed Between North and South Florida Waterways

Factors Associated With E. coli Levels in and Salmonella Contamination of Agricultural Water Differed Between North and South Florida Waterways

Physicochemical, Molecular and Cultural Identification of Microbial Pathogens in Wastewater Irrigated Crops

Combined Effect of Phage phT4A and Pressure-Based Strategies in the Inhibition of Escherichia coli

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