Factors Hindering the Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Egyptian Hospitals

Abstract

Background: The direction toward incorporating clinical pharmacy services is increasing worldwide but there are many barriers that hinder its implementation in many countries. The types of barriers vary among countries according to their culture, population, education & economic status. Objective: This study aims to investigate factors hindering the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals. Methods: Hundred hospital pharmacists working in various reputable hospitals in Egypt participated in a descriptive cross-sectional survey designed as a questionnaire representing the main factors previously reported in the literature to hinder clinical pharmacy implementation in different countries around the world. Cronbach alpha was calculated to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Likert plot was used to graphically present the participants’ responses. Results: The most significant factors that participants reported to hinder the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals were the lack of clear career path, financial resources, and leadership support. The percentage of participants who agreed that such factors were key players in hindering the implementation of clinical pharmacy practice was 76%, 74%, and 57% respectively. Conclusion: A number of factors were found to impede clinical pharmacy implementation in Egyptian hospitals. Taking corrective measures to resolve such hindrances should ensure proper hospital pharmacy practice and should positively reflect on patient healthcare services provided at the national level.

The pharmacists’ interventions after a Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) establishment during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Although most critical care physicians think the advice from a clinical pharmacist is helpful (Shendy et al, 2022 ), clinical pharmacy services are still not optimally implemented in most of the hospitals in LMICs such as Egypt (Nguyen et al, 2014 ; Said et al, 2020 ), especially in low-resource settings (Eldin et al, 2022 ; Nguyen et al, 2014 ). Therefore, training clinical pharmacists, especially those working in the ICU may have a positive impact on clinical and economic outcomes (Arredondo et al, 2021 ; Barlow et al, 2022 ; Johansen et al, 2016 ; Nguyen et al, 2014 ).…”

Physicians’ perceptions and response to the role of clinical pharmacists in a teaching hospital in Egypt

“…intervention and did not allow their involvement in clinical consultation [13] . Some of the main barriers to clinical pharmacy practice in Egyptian hospitals were the absence of hospital leadership support, lack of adequate clinical pharmacy training and career pathways, physician's resistance to change, lack of awareness among healthcare team about the importance of clinical pharmacy, and lack of communication [14] .…”