Factors Controlling the Reassembly of the Microvillous Border of the Small Intestine of the Salamander

Tilney, Lewis G.; Cardell, Robert R.

doi:10.1083/jcb.47.2.408

Cited by 142 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As already mentioned, pimples seem to be precursors to microvilli, similar to the papillae noted on the surface of unfertilized sea urchin eggs (Henson and Begg, 1988;Schroeder, 1978) and in intestinal epithelial cells that are reforming microvilli after treatment with hydrostatic pressure (Tilney and Cardell, 1970). In both cases the pimples seem to elongate after fertilization (Begg et al, 1982) or cessation of pressure treatment.…”

Section: Microvillar Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Examples include (1) the microvilli on the apical surface of developing intestinal epithelial cells that elongate from tiny precursors (Stidwill and Burgess, 1986); (2) the 'short papillae' or microvillar precursors (Schroeder, 1978) that elongate following sea urchin egg fertilization (Eddy and Shapiro, 1976); (3) de novo formation of microvilli following the removal of existing microvilli such as occurs following treatment with hydrostatic pressure in intestinal epithelial cells (Tilney and Cardell, 1970) and fertilized sea urchin eggs (Begg et al, 1983;Henson and Begg, 1988).…”

Section: Microvillar Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microvilli appear to represent the first step in actin bundle formation inDrosophilabristles

Tilney

Connelly

Guild

2004

Journal of Cell Science

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During bristle development the emerging bristle shaft, socket cell, and the apical surface of thoracic epithelial cells form tiny protuberances or pimples that contain electron-dense material located on the cytoplasmic surface of the pimple tip. In a few cases short actin filaments extend from this material into the cortical cytoplasm. When cultured in the presence of jasplakinolide, an agent that prevents filament disassembly, pimples elongate to form microvilli containing a core of crosslinked filaments. Emerging-bristle mutants delay cortical bundle formation and are aggregated by forked protein crossbridges. Using these mutants and enhancing core bundle formation with jasplakinolide we found that microvillar formation represents the first stage in the morphogenesis of much larger actin bundles in Drosophila bristle shaft cells. Evidence is presented showing that socket cells do not contain forked protein crossbridges, a fact that may explain why cortical bundles only appear in bristle shaft cells. Furthermore, as pimples and microvilli form in the absence of both forked and fascin crossbridges, we also conclude that neither of these crossbridges account for core bundle formation in microvilli, but there must exist a third, as yet unidentified crossbridge in this system. Immunocytochemisty suggested that this new crossbridge is not Drosophila villin. Finally, ultrastructural comparisons suggest that microspikes and microvilli form very differently.

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Section: Microvillar Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Microvillar Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvilli appear to represent the first step in actin bundle formation inDrosophilabristles

Tilney

Connelly

Guild

2004

Journal of Cell Science

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“…In this study and those of others (7,12,17,58,70,71,78), attention has been drawn to the close apposition of a network of filaments with the plasma membrane and the subsequent exclusion of cytoplasmic organelles. These areas of membranefilament association could provide stability to the cell membrane and thereby influence the functions of this membrane system .…”

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confidence: 99%

The Distribution, Ultrastructure, and Chemistry of Microfilaments in Cultured Chick Embryo Fibroblasts

Perdue

1973

The Journal of Cell Biology

132

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The distribution, ultrastructure, and chemistry of microfilaments in cultured chick embryo fibroblasts were studied by thin sectioning of flat-embedded untreated and glycerol-extracted cells, histochemical and immunological electron microscopic procedures, and the negative staining of cells cultured on electron microscopic grids . In these cultured cells, the microfilaments are arranged into thick bundles that are disposed longitudinally and in looser arrangements in the fusiform-shaped cells . In the latter case, they are concentrated along the margins of the flattened cell, on the dorsal surface, and particularly at the ends of the cell and its ventral surface, where contact is made with the plastic dish or with other cells . Extracellular filaments, presumably originating from within the cell, are found at these points of contact . The microfilaments are composed in part of an actin-like protein .These filaments are between 70 and 90 A in diameter, they are stable in 50 0]0 glycerol, they have an endogenous ATPase (myosin-like?) associated with them, they bind rabbit muscle heavy meromyosin, and they specifically bind antibody directed against isolated actin-like protein . In the cultured chick embryo fibroblasts, the microfilaments are essential for the establishment and maintenance of form, and they are probably critical elements for adhesion and motility . The microfilaments might also serve as stabilizers of intramembranous particle fluidity .

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“…The most carefully studied system is the brush border or microvillus border of intestinal epithelial cells (10). In that system there is a dense material at the tips of the microvilli which appears to be involved in nucleating the assembly of actin filaments (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymerization of actin. VI. The polarity of the actin filaments in the acrosomal process and how it might be determined.

Tilney¹,

Kallenbach²

1979

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The polarity of the actin filaments which assemble from the nucleating body or actomere of Thyone and Pisaster sperm was determined using myosin subfragment I decoration. The polarity was found to be unidirectional with the arrowheads pointing towards the cell center. W~nen polymerization is induced at low temperature with concentrations of actin near the critical concentration for polymerization, elongation of filaments occurs preferentially off the apical end. If the sperm are induced to undergo the acrosomal reaction with an ionophore, the polarity of the actin filaments attached to the actomere is the same as that already described, but the filaments which polymerize parallel to, but peripheral to, those extending from the actomere are randomly polarized. These randomly polarized filaments appear to result from spontaneous nucleation. When sperm are induced to undergo the acrosomal reaction with eggs, the polarity of the actin filaments is also unidirectional with the arrowheads pointing towards the cell center. From these results we conclude: (a) that the actomere, by nucleating the polymerization of actin filaments, controls the polarity of the actin filaments in the acrosomal process, (b) that the actomere recognizes a surface of the actin monomer that is different from that surface recognized by the dense material attached to membranes, and (c) that egg myosin could not act to pull the sperm into the egg. Included is a discussion of how the observation that monomers add largely to one end of a decorated filament in vitro relates to these in vivo observations. KEY WORDS actin filament polarity acrosomal process actin nucleation actomere actin filament decoration actin polymerizationWhen actin filaments interact with myosin, the direction of force production or contraction is determined by the polarity of the acfin filaments. Thus, if we know the polarity of the actin filaments (determined by decoration of the filaments with myosin subfragments such as subfragment 1) in the contractile area of a nonmuscle cell, we can predict how that portion of a cell might contract and move. Of obvious interest, then, is to try to determine how a cell establishes a fixed polarity of the actin filaments within a portion of its cytoplasm. Unfortunately, little information on this important topic is available. The most carefully studied system is the brush border or microvillus border of intestinal epithelial cells (10). In that system there is a dense material at the tips of the microvilli which appears to be involved in nucleating the assembly of actin filaments (15).

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Factors Controlling the Reassembly of the Microvillous Border of the Small Intestine of the Salamander

Cited by 142 publications

References 19 publications

Microvilli appear to represent the first step in actin bundle formation inDrosophilabristles

Microvilli appear to represent the first step in actin bundle formation inDrosophilabristles

The Distribution, Ultrastructure, and Chemistry of Microfilaments in Cultured Chick Embryo Fibroblasts

Polymerization of actin. VI. The polarity of the actin filaments in the acrosomal process and how it might be determined.

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