Factors controlling the migration phenology of Siberian Phylloscopus species

Bozó, László; Csörgő, Tibor; Heim, Wieland

doi:10.1007/s10336-020-01805-5

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…While migration strategies undoubtedly vary widely across taxa, temporal differences in migration within a species over different seasons have also been described. For instance, stopovers for many species (e.g., yellow-browed warbler Phylloscopus inornatus and red-flanked bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus) have been found to be considerably shorter in the spring than in the autumn, suggesting faster spring migration (Wang et al, 2006;Bozó et al, 2021), a generally well-described pattern for many migratory species (Kokko, 1999;Smith and Moore, 2005;Nilsson et al, 2013). This may be explained by competition to arrive at the breeding grounds before conspecifics (Nilsson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Stopover Sitementioning

confidence: 98%

The State of Migratory Landbirds in the East Asian Flyway: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Needs

Yong¹,

Heim

Chowdhury

et al. 2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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With nearly 400 migratory landbird species, the East Asian Flyway is the most diverse of the world’s flyways. This diversity is a consequence of the varied ecological niches provided by biomes ranging from broadleaf forests to arctic tundra and accentuated by complex biogeographic processes. The distribution and migration ecology of East Asian landbirds is still inadequately known, but a recent explosion in the number of studies tracking the migration of raptors, cuckoos, kingfishers and passerines has greatly increased our knowledge about the stopover and wintering ecology of many species, and the migratory routes that link northeast Eurasia and the Asian tropics. Yet the East Asian Flyway also supports the highest number of threatened species among flyways. Strong declines have been detected in buntings (Emberizidae) and other long-distance migrants. While the conservation of migratory landbirds in this region has largely focused on unsustainable hunting, there are other threats, such as habitat loss and increased agro-chemical use driven directly by land cover change and climate-related processes. Important knowledge gaps to be addressed include (1) threats affecting species in different parts of their annual cycle, (2) range-wide population trends, (3) ecological requirements and habitat use during the non-breeding season, and (4) the conservation status of critical wintering sites (including understudied farming landscapes, such as rice fields) and migration bottlenecks along the flyway.

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Section: Stopover Sitementioning

confidence: 98%

The State of Migratory Landbirds in the East Asian Flyway: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Needs

Yong¹,

Heim

Chowdhury

et al. 2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…This is interesting because it is an insectivorous species, and the median date of migration in both seasons was when the area typically experiences winter weather. This migration pattern is likely due to the fact that this species has the largest nesting range of any species studied, from the coast of east Asia to Scandinavia (BirdLife International 2021), and all populations winter in southeast Asia, which they probably reach by migrating along the coastal strip and lower elevation landscapes of China, as do most songbirds (Heim et al 2020). For this reason, individuals from all populations may migrate through the area, birds that nest very far away have to migrate early in spring, while in autumn they can only leave later because of later breeding, which is reflected in the timing of the median of migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migration distance also affects migration phenology (Marchetti et al 1995;Schmaljohann 2019;Bozó et al 2020;Wobker et al 2021). Typically, the greater the distance between nesting and wintering sites is, the sooner birds leave breeding sites and the later they return in spring (Jenni and Kéry 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the migration of songbirds using the East Asian-Australasian migratory flyway has been studied more intensively, and factors influencing the timing of migration (Bozó et al 2020;Wobker et al 2021) and sex-specific migration (Bozó and Heim 2016) have been investigated based on data from a ringing station in the Muraviovka Park in the Russian far east. In this regard, Bozó et al (2020) found for Phylloscopus warblers that spring migration phenology was explained by moult strategy and the preferred prey size, while autumn migration phenology was linked to the migration distance of the species. Wobker et al (2021) in a multispecies analysis obtained similar results for ageand sex-dependent migration, as well as for moult strategy and migration distance, as for other migration routes, as did Bozó and Heim (2016) for the sex-dependent migration of warblers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also assumed that species with longer migration routes arrive later in spring and earlier in autumn to the study site, just as species with postnuptial moult arrive later in autumn than species with prenuptial moult. As food can also influence the timing of bird migration (Katti and Price 2003;Bozó et al 2020), we consider that it is likely that insectivorous species return from wintering grounds later in spring than seed-eating species. This is due to the fact that insects are available later than seeds (Deppe et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moult, sex and food are the most important factors regulated the timing of migration of north Asian Passerines

2022

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Bird migration is a highly complex, regulated process, of which timing is an essential element. The timing of migration is influenced by moult, age, sex and food of the birds, as well as the distance between the breeding and wintering sites. In this study, we used data from a ringing station on the shores of Lake Baikal to investigate factors influencing migration timing for species with different migration and moulting strategies, wintering sites and feeding habits. In general, we found that the migration of Passerine across Lake Baikal is influenced by similar factors to those of other migratory species in other migratory flyways. For most species, adult birds migrated through the area earlier in both spring and autumn. In spring, protandrous migration was detected for most of the species, while in autumn, differences in migration timing were less common. Migratory birds migrate later in spring and earlier in autumn, the longer the distance between nesting and wintering sites. It is important to highlight, however, that in both seasons only moulting, sex and food type had an equal influence on the timing of migration, while migration distance and age regulated migration in only one season or the other. In both spring and autumn, we observed differences in the timing of the migration of different species. Studies on the migration of north Asian Passerines are important in the future as the populations of several once common species have declined dramatically in recent times.

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Sex, age, molt strategy, and migration distance explain the phenology of songbirds at a stopover along the East Asian flyway

Wobker

Heim

Schmaljohann

2021

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Sex- and age-specific differences in the timing of migration are widespread among animals. In birds, common patterns are protandry, the earlier arrival of males in spring, and age-differential migration during autumn. However, knowledge of these differences stems mainly from the Palearctic-African and Nearctic-Neotropical flyways, while detailed information about the phenology of migrant birds from the East Asian flyway is far scarcer. To help fill parts of this gap, we analyzed how migration distance, sex, age, and molt strategy affect the spring and autumn phenologies of 36 migrant songbirds (altogether 18,427 individuals) at a stopover site in the Russian Far East. Sex-differential migration was more pronounced in spring than in autumn, with half of the studied species (6 out of 12) showing a protandrous migration pattern. Age-differences in migration were rare in spring but found in nearly half of the studied species (11 out of 25) in autumn. These age effects were associated with the birds’ molt strategy and the mean latitudinal distances from the assumed breeding area to the study site. Adults performing a complete molt before the onset of autumn migration passed the study site later than first-year birds undergoing only a partial molt. This pattern, however, reversed with increasing migration distance to the study site. These sex-, age-, and molt-specific migration patterns agree with those found along other flyways and seem to be common features of land bird migration strategies. Significance statement The timing of animal migration is shaped by the availability of resources and the organization of annual cycles. In migrant birds, sex- and age-differential migration is a common phenomenon. For the rarely studied East Asian flyway, we show for the first time and based on a large set of migrant songbirds that earlier migration of males is a common pattern there in spring. Further, the timing and extent of molt explained age-differential migration during autumn. Adults molting their complete plumage at the breeding area before migration showed delayed phenology in comparison to first-year birds, which perform only a partial molt. This pattern, however, reversed with increasing migration distance to the study site. Since our results agree with the general patterns from the other migration flyways, similar drivers for differential migration may act across different flyway systems, provoking a similar evolutionary response.

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Factors controlling the migration phenology of Siberian Phylloscopus species

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

The State of Migratory Landbirds in the East Asian Flyway: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Needs

The State of Migratory Landbirds in the East Asian Flyway: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Needs

Moult, sex and food are the most important factors regulated the timing of migration of north Asian Passerines

Sex, age, molt strategy, and migration distance explain the phenology of songbirds at a stopover along the East Asian flyway

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