FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF <i>TILIA CORDATA</i> AT THE NORTHERN LIMITS OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE III. NATURE AND CAUSES OF SEED STERILITY

Pigott, C. D.; Huntley, J. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb01716.x

Cited by 234 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This result contrasts with studies conducted at other tree species limits where low temperature was the most limiting factor (Kullman, 1979(Kullman, , 1986(Kullman, , 1987Morin and Payette, 1984;Payette and Filion, 1985;Pigott and Huntley, 1981). Since drought conditions are not increasing northwards, our results suggest that the red pine northern limit is controlled by ecological factors rather than by decreasing temperature.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Effect of Climatic Fluctuations on Post-Fire Regeneration of Two Jack Pine and Red Pine Populations during the Twentieth Century

Bergeron¹,

Brisson²

2007

gpq

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The age structure of two mixed red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests located at Lac Duparquet, northwestern Québec, were correlated with mean annual temperature and total precipitation recorded at Iroquois Falls for the period between 1913 and 1986. The age structures of both pine species showed a common pattern of regeneration characterized by low regeneration before 1930, an important regeneration peak starting around the 1930s, a dip in the age structure around 1950, a second, though less important, regeneration peak in the 1960s, and an important drop, especially for red pine, after 1970. In general, high regeneration rates were positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature, suggesting that pine recruitment is negatively affected by low snow cover and/or drought. The absence of correlation with temperature suggests that the red pine northern limit may be controlled more by a change in the fire regime than by increasing temperature.Les structures d'âge des populations de pin rouge et de pin gris, échantillonnés dans deux sites du lac Duparquet (Abitibi), ont été corrélées avec la moyenne annuelle des températures et les précipitations annuelles enregistrées à Iroquois Falls, entre 1913 et 1986. Les structures d'âge montrent un patron commun caractérisé par une régénération faible avant 1930, un pic de régénération débutant au cours des années 30, une baisse importante autour de 1950, un second pic de régénération, quoique de moindre importance, dans les années 60 et une décroissance importante après 1970. L'abondance de la régénération est généralement positivement corrélée avec les précipitations et négativement corrélée avec la température, indiquant ainsi que le recrutement des individus serait négativement influencé par une couverture nivale faible ou une sécheresse prolongée. L'absence d'une corrélation positive avec la température indique que la limite nord du pin rouge serait déterminée par un changement dans le régime des feux et non par une baisse des températures.Die Altersstrukturen von zwei Wàldern mit Rotkiefer (Pinus resinosa Ait.) und Graukiefer (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) am See Duparquet, nordwestliches Québec, wurden mit der durchschnittlichen Jahrestemperatur und den gesamten gemessenen Niederschlâgen an den Iroquois Falls fur die Zeit zwischen 1913 und 1986 in Beziehung gebracht. Die Altersstrukturen beider Kiefernarten wiesen ein gemeinsames Muster der Regenerierung auf, charakterisiert durch eine niedrige Regenierung vor 1930, einen bedeutenden Regenerierungshohepunkt, der in den 30er Jahren beginnt, ein Sinken der Altersstruktur um 1950, einen zweiten, wenn auch weniger bedeutenden Regenerierungshohepunkt in den 60er Jahren und einen bedeutenden Rùckfall, besonders der Rotkiefer, nach 1970. Im allgemeinen wurden hone Regenerierungsraten positiv mit Niederschlâgen und negativ mit Temperatur in Beziehung gebracht, so dass man annehmen kann, dass die Zunahme von Kiefern durch eine niedrige Schneedecke und/oder Trockenheit negativ...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Effect of Climatic Fluctuations on Post-Fire Regeneration of Two Jack Pine and Red Pine Populations during the Twentieth Century

Bergeron¹,

Brisson²

2007

gpq

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“…This 'abundantcentre hypothesis' has been supported for many species of terrestrial plants, with adult abundance declining towards their geographic range limits because physiological stress reduces reproductive output and survival (Pigott & Huntley 1981, Parsons 1991, Woodward 1997, Dorken & Eckert 2001, Jump & Woodward 2003, Mathews & Bonser 2005. As for terrestrial plants, many benthic marine invertebrates have sessile adults and dispersive propagules and, consequently, their geographic patterns of abundance might be expected to conform to abundant-centre distributions as a result of decreased larval supply and increased early post-settlement mortality of larvae from the centres to the edges of their range (Zacherl et al 2003, Bahn et al 2006, Gilman 2006a,b, Sanford et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply-side biogeography: geographic patterns of settlement and early mortality for a barnacle approaching its range limit

Lathlean

Ayre²,

Minchinton³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Species range limits are often associated with reduced adult densities, and this may reflect the failure of a particular life-history stage. For benthic marine invertebrates, settlement is a time of great mortality that strongly influences adult population structure, at least at local spatial scales. In south-eastern Australia we determined that adult abundance of the intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea declines over a 450 km region of rocky shore from the middle to the southern limit of its range, and we tested the hypothesis that this biogeographic pattern reflects variations in the production, settlement, or early post-settlement mortality of larvae or adult mortality. Sampling at 2 sites on 11 rocky shores in this region over 2 yr revealed that none of the life-history stages or demographic processes displayed a latitudinal gradient or a clear decline towards the south, and settlement and adult mortality were highly variable among locations. Indeed local variation in early lifehistory processes and adult mortality appears to dictate regional variability and observed latitudinal patterns of adult abundance of T. rosea, but longer term studies spanning at least a decade may determine if storage from one strong year in recruitment can set patterns of adult abundance.KEY WORDS: Abundant-centre hypothesis · Early post-settlement mortality · Tesseropora rosea · Adult mortality · Geographic distribution · Latitudinal gradient Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 412: [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150] 2010 although these supply-side processes are often highly variable in space and time (see Underwood & Fairweather 1989, Caley et al. 1996, Hunt & Scheibling 1997, they sometimes reflect latitudinal gradients of temperature, currents, wave exposure and nutrient availability in the ocean (Connolly & Roughgarden 1998, Connolly et al. 2001, Zacherl et al. 2003, Sanford et al. 2006. Consequently, the geographic distribution of benthic marine invertebrates, particularly as a species approaches its range limit, may be strongly influenced by latitudinal gradients in the supply and early life history of larvae. Alternatively, processes operating at more local scales in the post-recruitment environment (e.g. storm events, habitat, microclimates, predation) could override larger scale patterns of recruitment that might determine geographic patterns in adult abundance (Helmuth 1998). Measuring settlement and early post-settlement mortality of benthic marine invertebrates is often difficult, however, because larvae are small and often die soon after settlement. Few studies have measured these early lifehistory processes simultaneously across large geographic scales (but see Caffey 1985, Connolly et al. 2001, Hughes et al. 2002, but such studies can yield important insights into the processes setting the range limits of species.Along the linear coastline of south-eastern Australia, there is great potential for the population size of sessile...

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“…This conceptualization of the tolerance niche shares similarities with some other niche concepts, but is distinctive in that it explicitly considers only 5 those conditions that occur beyond the bounds of the fundamental niche (Box 1). Conditions that exist beyond the fundamental niche have previously been investigated relative to source-sink dynamics [29,30], adaptation [31] and range edges [32]. However, we believe that a formal extension of the niche concept is needed that considers the tolerance niche in concert with the realized and fundamental niche.…”

Section: The Tolerance Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Niche syndromes, species extinction risks, and management under climate change

Sax

Early

Bellemare

2013

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

129

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The current distributions of species are often assumed to correspond with the total set of environmental conditions under which species can persist. When this assumption is incorrect, extinction risk estimated from species distribution models can be misleading. The degree to which species can tolerate or even thrive under conditions found beyond their current distributions alters extinction risks, time lags in realizing those risks, and the usefulness of alternative management strategies. To inform these issues, we propose a conceptual framework within which empirical data could be used to generate hypotheses regarding the realized, fundamental and 'tolerance' niche of species. Although these niche components have rarely been characterized over geographic scales, we suggest that this could be done for many plant species by comparing native, naturalized and horticultural distributions. Niche Concepts and Species Distribution ModelsThe 'niche' concept has reemerged in the past decade as a major focus of consideration in the ecological, conservation and global change literature [1][2][3]. This interest has largely been driven by the widespread application of species distribution models (SDMs) to inform conservation and management challenges associated with global change. Indeed, given the relative ease of obtaining distribution data for large numbers of species, SDMs have been at the core of most estimates of extinction risk associated with climate change (e.g., [4,5]) and frequently used in 'climate-matching' approaches for anticipating invasion risks [6,7]. SDMs have many welldescribed limitations [8][9][10], but perhaps the most substantial occurs when the implicit assumption is made that species current distributions are in equilibrium with the environment, i.e., that the conditions that occur across the areas where a species is presently found represent the full extent of conditions under which that species can maintain populations. Although few would expect this to be universally true, the possibility that this assumption might often be invalid in substantial ways has been increasingly suggested in macroecological and biogeographical studies [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Better understanding when and how this key assumption is likely to be violated can be informed by consideration of the niche and its key components.There have been varying uses of the niche concept in the ecological literature, but the conceptualization we build from here is that of Hutchinson [17]. He described a species niche as having two primary components: the realized and fundamental niche. The fundamental niche was envisioned to encompass the full set of physical conditions and resources required to allow a species to persist indefinitely, whereas the realized niche encompassed that subset of conditions in which competition with other species did not preclude indefinite persistence. Since 3 Hutchinson [17], the distinction between the realized and fundamental niche has been expanded to include not only limitations imposed by compe...

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FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TILIA CORDATA AT THE NORTHERN LIMITS OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE III. NATURE AND CAUSES OF SEED STERILITY

Cited by 234 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Climatic Fluctuations on Post-Fire Regeneration of Two Jack Pine and Red Pine Populations during the Twentieth Century

Effect of Climatic Fluctuations on Post-Fire Regeneration of Two Jack Pine and Red Pine Populations during the Twentieth Century

Supply-side biogeography: geographic patterns of settlement and early mortality for a barnacle approaching its range limit

Niche syndromes, species extinction risks, and management under climate change

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