Factors associated with zoonosis and reverse zoonosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia

Abstract

Zoonotic TB (M.bovis) is transmitted from animals to people. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for the transmission of reverse zoonotic tuberculosis from humans to animals. Without sufficient proof, a few recommendations can be made regarding zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission. The researchers aimed to review and meta-analysis of risk variables for zoonotic and reverse transmission of bovine tuberculosis. Until May 2022, 13 published publications from Pub-Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were identified for review using the PRISMA checklist. The findings revealed that increasing age, raw milk and meat consumption, lack of knowledge, human and animal contacts were strongly associated with zoonotic TB. A house without ventilation and presence of TB case in the household were all strongly linked to the risk of reverse zoonotic tuberculosis, but gender being male was not significantly associated with the reverse zoonosis of tuberculosis (p > 0.05). Addressing these risk factors would aid in preventing and controlling zoonotic and reverse zoonotic tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

Analysis on epidemiological interface of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife, livestock and human in Ethiopia

“…In addition, there is a habit of chewing and spitting tobacco to their cattle among Ethiopian farmers. This led to a higher risk of transmission for M. tuberculosis as well as for M. bovis at the human-livestock interface through inhalation of the cough spray from infected animals or transmission of M. tuberculosis from human to cattle as the organism can spread to the animal (Desta et al, 2022).…”

A one health-focused literature review on bovine and zoonotic tuberculosis in Pakistan from the past two decades: challenges and way forward for control

“…There are many factors which exacerbate the spread of M. bovis to humans and M. tb from human to animals (reverse zoonosis) in LMICs [ 78 ]. In their studies, Desta et al , [ 79 ] and Kouengoua et al , [ 80 ] identified several direct and indirect factors that can influence the spread of tuberculosis between animals and humans. These include demographics like age and gender, along with dietary habits such as consuming unpasteurized milk and meat.…”