Factors associated with the mental health status of pregnant women in China: A latent class analysis

Abstract

BackgroundPrenatal mental health is a neglected public health issue that places pregnant women at a higher risk for mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of prenatal mental disorders and provide a scientific basis to guide and promote the mental health of pregnant women.MethodsThe study sample comprised 973 women in their first pregnancy, who were in their second trimester and third trimester, who underwent obstetric outpatient checkups at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Huai'an, who were recruited in the survey that was conducted from July to December 2017. The Chinese mental health scale (CMHS) was used to assess the mental health of pregnant women. The present study uses the chi-square test to compare the rates of class with different demographic variables, a latent class analysis to identify psychological symptoms, and multiple logistic regression analysis to examine whether the demographics predicted class membership.ResultsThe chi-square test results showed that participants who reported feeling different in the perinatal period (χ2 = 6.35, P = 0.04), having marital satisfaction (χ2 = 15.8, P < 0.001), with an in-law relationship (χ2 = 29.43, P < 0.001), with a friend relationship (χ2 = 24.81, P < 0.001), with basic diseases (χ2 = 8.04, P = 0.02), and taking birth control pills (χ2 = 8.97, P = 0.01) have different probabilities of being classified. Three latent classes were identified: the high symptoms group (6.89%), the moderate symptoms group (20.56%), and the low symptoms group (72.56%). Pregnant women in the third trimester [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.25, P = 0.04], with a poor in-law relationship (OR = 2.82, 95% CI:1.45–5.51, P = 0.002), with a bad friend relationship (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31–7.71, P = 0.01), and who had basic diseases (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00–2.90, P = 0.04) tended to be classified under the high symptoms group than under the low symptoms group. Pregnant women with a bad friend relationship (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08–4.28, P = 0.03) and taking birth control pills (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.08–2.11, P = 0.02) were more likely to be placed under the moderate symptoms group than under the low symptoms group.ConclusionsA pregnant woman's mental health status factors include feeling different in the perinatal period, those with marital satisfaction, those with an in-law relationship, those with a friend relationship, those with basic diseases, and those taking birth control pills. To ensure a smooth progress of pregnancy and promote the physical and mental health of pregnant women, psychological screening and psychological intervention measures should be strengthened.

A propensity score matching study: The prevalence of mental health problems among pregnant women at first antenatal care increased in Chongqing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Staying at home kept pregnant women away from the pressure of work and gave them more time to recover from morning sickness. Moreover, more family companionship, support, and communication due to mandatory homestays may have reduced anxiety among pregnant women with regard to early pregnancy reactions, miscarriage, and mother role transition (45). We also postulated that pregnant women with high levels of anxiety and depression are more likely to delay their expected first antenatal care or choose nearer health facilities for antenatal care due to their greater fear of contracting COVID-19 (46), which may partly explain the low prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women in clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”